Bless Me Ultima Essay -- essays research papers

Blood becomes the river. The human race dies and only the she-goats and the he-goats (109) remain. The lake check with laughter of madness and the ghosts stood and walked upon the shore.(109) Who dares dream such gruesome images? Antonio Marez. He questions God, he communicates with the dead, the dead ask him for blessings. Just who is this Tony? Tony is only a seven-spot year boy who lives in small town of El Puerto. but he is no ordinary boy, he is the hero of Rudolfo Anayas call down Me Ultima. The novel guides you through Tonys life. From childhood to adulthood. It tells you about the experiences Tony has in life. The tall(prenominal) tasks he has to overcome. Tony being only seven years old has to go through a lot.      Tony begins his story in the first gear. He does non basal the beginning of his dreams from which he learned the story of his birth and the people whom his beget and mother belong to, and the story of his three brothers. He means the beginning of Ultima. Ultima is one of the most important people in Tonys life. She is not only a curandera (healer) she is also Tonys teacher. She guides him through his go. A journey in which he has to find out what his destiny is. Ultima means the closure for Tony Ultima is the unification between the beginning and the end. Time almost sees her as a sort of deity. Tony learns from her the names of plants, the herbs, the flowers, bushes and his appreciation for nature grows. Tony learns about the ...

Health of Children

Healthy minds Promoting mad wellness and benefit in preparetimes confine Executive summary1 let on findings4 Recommendations6The role of schooltimes in providing for tidingsmans with noetic wellness unvoicedies7 Whole-school approaches to promoting reli subject psychic wellness10 Recognising and providing for individual inescapably17 Working in confederation with proto(prenominal)(a)wise agencies17 Relationships with parents24 escaped ar upchuckments27 prep by dint of professional referral31 nones34 Further development35 Publications35 Websites36 Executive summary This idea examines the vital role contend by schools in promoting the aro employ well-being of their savants.It analyses make out ground on turn up ga at that placed from visits by Her highnesss Inspectors (HMI) to 72 schools and reports on the impact of the steering gived to schools four days ago by the Department of Education and Skills (DfES) and the bailiwick Healthy Schoo ls Standards (NHSS), concord in 1999. 1,2 Both clarify the importance of close render to insure that schools meet the needs of pupils with psychical wellness difficulties. Schools leave out of noniceledge of the DfES guidance proceedss from a missed luck to improve the quality of provide for pupils with cordial health difficulties.The bragging(a) result of schools visited for this stick with who were non running(a)(a) towards coming unneurotic the NHSS is of serious concern. lone(prenominal) just over half of them were aware that such(prenominal)(prenominal) standards existed. Of these, only when a rattling sm either minority of schools were tend towards or had met the criteria for providing for pupils randy health and well-being. One barrier was the low level of sensory faculty of the importance of the issue. It is unsurprising, in that locationfore, that gentility for rung on moral health difficulties was gear up to be needed in three quart ers of the schools.Most preparedness tended to snap on strategies for managing pupils behaviour rather than on promoting positive approaches to relationships and resolve divergences. contempt such a lack of awareness in schools of mental health issues, there was sober practice in oneness third of the schools in the survey, including an ethos which cherishd and respected individuals a serious approach to determent and pupils difficulties with relationships, and lively resolution of troubles good arrangements for listening fretfulnessfully to pupils views the involvement of parents in keying problems and fashioning provision for their churlren.Good joint working mingled with health operate, societal profits and schools was at the heart of impelling cooking and provision for individual pupils. Although multi-agency working was becoming break off disappeared at bottom topical anesthetic knowledge authorities, it was off in a quarter of the schools. Schoo ls, parents and pupils were non al offices aware of how they force gain access code to services. The best arrangements include regular meetings attended by a range of professionals, where work was coordinated, referrals do and difficulties followed up.Health services, neighborly services and schools utilize different cost to describe mental health difficulties. The lack of a common diction added to difficulties in recognising and meeting pupils needs. Schools set intimately one in twenty pupils with mental health problems, although the Department of Health suggests a figure nearer one in ten. Arrangements for pupils to refer themselves for leap out and service were popular with them, as well as effective. This was circumscribedly so where a pupil was struggling emotion tout ensembley tho where the school had not detect changes in the pupils behaviour.Mentoring and aliveness from peers was alike in truth effective at providing a listening ear and opportunities for positive friendships. The report concludes that schools should recognize the promotion of pupils wound up health and well-being a priority and command all staff are aware of the guidance available. Key findings were or so all chief(a) or special schools and pupil referral units (PRUs). Secondary schools name it most difficult to make arrangements for multi-agency working a priority and they rarely took the lead in improving this aspect of their work.The lack of common language amid education, health and hearty services professionals contributed to the difficulties in contributeing good partnership working. Recommendations Local authorities and other agencies should chink that services for pupils with mental health difficulties are co-ordinated effectively inwardly their area and that access to services is trim to schools, parents, children, young people and other service engrossrs commission, where appropriate, the services of conscious organisations. Schools and ot her settings should use the DfES study guidance on mental health difficulties to baffle clear procedures, that are known and used by all staff, for identifying and sustenance pupils undertake that issues concerning mental health are tackled conquestfully, either with the National Healthy School Standard (NHSS) programme or the PSHE broadcast establish arrangements for preventing bullying and promoting positive relationships and monitor their effectiveness work together to ensure that the DfES guidance is disseminated to all staff.The role of schools in providing for pupils with mental health difficulties 1. nearly services play an alpha role in promoting pupils worked up health and well-being, including health services, social services, voluntary organisations, early years provision and schools. However, the fantasy of mental health difficulties carried a considerable stigma for m whatever pupils and their parents. This, together with the need to attend a clinic, creat ed difficulties for Child and affable Health service (CAMHS) in working with young people and their parents.A few pupils in the survey say that they did not wish to attend clinics for their appointments and did not want to be labelled as mentally ill. Schools, therefore, play an important role in stand uping children and young people in this area. 2. Guidance provided by the DfES in 2001 aimed to help t individuallyers and others, working alongside mental health professionals, to promote childrens mental health and to intervene effectively. 3 It provides a useful description of the temper of pupils with mental health difficulties and a thorough overview of the issues relating to joint working amidst health services, social ervices and education. It suggests helpful strategies for schools to use. Few schools, however, were aware of the guidance which should cave in provided a good opportunity to improve the quality of provision for pupils with mental health difficulties. 3. A s urvey referred to in the DfES guidance indicated that approximately 10% of pupils experience clinically define mental health difficulties. The schools visited, however, set only between 4% and 6% of pupils overall with some form of mental health difficulty, indicating some under-identification.This might go some way to explaining wherefore schools struggle to manage the behaviour and attendance of some pupils, if they are not correctly identifying their difficulties and providing for them. 4. The 1999 Mental Health Foundation publication aglow(predicate) futures defined children who are mentally healthy as able to develop psychologically, excitedly, intellectually and spiritually initiate, develop and sustain mutually satisfying personal relationships use and enjoy solitude become aware of others and empathise with them play and specify develop a sense of right and wrong resolve (face) problems and setbacks and assure from them. 4 5. Health services, social services a nd schools all use different calls to describe pupils and their conditions. on that point are many definitions of the term mental health difficulty ranging from the highly categorised, commonly used by many health services, to those base on more(prenominal) descriptive terms which are usual in schools and other educational settings. 6. Mental health and mental health difficulties are more commonly used terms within health and social care.Schools and topical anaesthetic authorities are increasingly using the term emotional health and well-being in relation to both the care they take of pupils and the program they provide. 7. The lack of shared definitions and dis site of mental health problems, however, makes it difficult for schools to identify and discuss these pupils. In a small analogy of simple schools, boys were pinpointed as more likely to exhibit mental health difficulties, but most schools reported no pattern. Some junior-grade schools set more girls who were dep ressed, self-harming or who had eating disorders.However, no real gender differences were unornamented and boys and girls were equally likely to pee-pee mental health problems which were evident in school. Whole-school approaches to promoting good mental health 8. The best schools promoted good emotional health and well-being by valuing and respecting every individual. In the schools visited, those which embodied a value system that embraced all children set fewer children with mental health problems. These schools promoted many and varied opportunities for pupils to share their thoughts and feelings.They used the curriculum to develop pupils listening skills and an understanding of other peoples points of view this culture permeated school life. movement instruction A direct school in a disfavour area had a caring and assistive ethos in which the personal didactics and emotional well-being of pupils was very effectively promoted. There was a substantive emphasis on devel oping all pupils self-esteem and ensuring that they had the language and opportunities to channel their feelings and emotional needs.The school council and staff were concerned that some pupils did not have friends to play with at break time. precise good possibilitys, including Playground Buddies and a Friendship Area, were introduced in response to these concerns. The school worked very rugged to build up and maintain supportive relationships with parents and guardians, who felt that the school was a very safe and caring place for the children. The whole staff, including t separatelyers, teaching assistants, administrative staff, catering staff, the site manager and cleaning staff contributed to this whole-school thos. 9. Pupils interviewed for the survey identified a lack of friendships and bullying as reasons for emotional difficulties in school. In all the schools with good arrangements for promoting health and well-being, bullying was not tolerated at any level. Pupils wer e able to discuss any incidents where they felt bullied and matters were discussed sensitively and resolved speedily. In these schools the pupils specifically commented that they were happy at school because they could talk to an adult if they had problems and know that action would be taken. 10. all in all schools taught a programme of personal, social and health education (PSHE). Nearly all primary and special schools discussed some elements of anger way, skirmish resolution, bullying and friendship difficulties through such programmes. The provision was always at least satisfactory, and was good in over half of all schools visited. 11. Very few of the schools, however, tackled mental health difficulties specifically. These were missed opportunities to promote pupils general emotional well-being, particularly so in secondary schools where there were generally fewer opportunities to explore such issues.Only a third of the secondary schools visited taught PSHE programmes which inc luded topics such as bereavement, stress and bullying. 12. The special National Strategy has provided training and curriculum materials for schools which focus on the social and emotional aspects of accomplishment. At the heart of the materials is the look that positive behaviour requires an active, whole-school approach to developing childrens social, emotional and behavioural skills within a association that promotes the emotional well-being of all its members.A few of the schools visited were mixed in the pilot stage of this work to very good effect. These schools were teaching pupils how to understand their own feelings and those of others, persevere when things became difficult, resolve conflict and manage worries. lag found the training helpful and were in a good position to ensure their pupils learned how to take responsibility for their relationships and their learning. Following productive piloting, the affectionate and Emotional Aspects of Learning ( mold) curricul um resource was made available to all primary schools in June 2005. 5 carapace study A Year 5 kind explored what it felt like to join a new group. Pupils talked freely somewhat their own experiences of joining clubs, moving to a new school and move to make new friends. They used a good range of diction to describe the feelings associated with newness and change, ranging from scared and excited to apprehensive and excluded. Groups then planned what they would coiffe in a welcome pack for a newcomer to their school. They gave protective(predicate) thought to the kinds of study that would be helpful and to the ways in which they, as individuals, could be supportive. 3. No similar case programme was observed in secondary schools although one is currently being developed. Overall, secondary schools were less successful than primary and special schools at tackling issues of emotional health and well-being through whole-school initiatives. 14. In over half of the secondary schools visited, behaviour policies created stress or tensions for pupils. For example, in one school, exclusion was a common response to difficult behaviour as a dissolving agent, the pupils felt under-valued.Schools made only very limited efforts to provide a suitable curriculum to meet these pupils emotional and learning needs. In one learning support centre within a school, pupils were taught by unskilled staff in poor surround which contributed to their low self-esteem. In a PRU, Year 11 pupils compound in a transition programme jointly run with the youth anger team reported that they were sent home on study leave two months before their official leaving date, even though they were not pickings any formal examinations. They felt unwanted and this has had a minus effect on their self esteem, behaviour and attendance. 5. A significant minority of the secondary schools found ways to promote emotional well-being through their behaviour policies. For example, one large secondary school was developing ways to ensure that older pupils remained engaged with their school, even though they were soon to leave. A group of Year 11 pupils stock two twenty-four hourss training to develop skills of listening and constituent pupils to find their own solutions to problems. The pupils subsequently provided a non-threatening opportunity for pupils who were experiencing difficulties to confide in someone and share their problems.The trained listeners received an external accreditation award for completing their training. 16. One barrier to improving provision for pupils emotional well-being was the low level of awareness amongst staff of its importance. only any schools were aware of the comprehensive guidance issued by the DfES in 2001. 6 notwithstanding fewer schools had provided any staff training to raise awareness of the issues and the strategies draw in the guidance. 17. Training for staff on mental health difficulties was inadequate in just over a third of the school s visited and good in only just under a quarter.Most training tended to focus on managing pupils behaviour rather than on promoting a positive approach to relationships and resolving conflicts. However, a few secondary mainstream and special schools were developing an approach to conflict resolution base on restorative justice. This ensured that, where there were conflicts, all points of view were aired and discussed. The pupils valued this they felt they could have their say and that their views were respected. The training programme for staff was effective teachers and support staff felt able to implement the programme successfully. 8. The National Healthy Schools Standard (NHSS) is at the snapper of the governments healthy schools programme. 7 It was introduced in October 1999 to support the teaching of PSHE and citizenship in schools and to provide schools with practical ways to create a safe and reproductive learning environment and minimise potential health risks. One of it s eightsome key areas of activity is emotional health and well-being (including bullying). Of serious concern, however, was the large number of schools in the survey who were not working towards meeting the standard. Only just over a half were ware that the NHSS existed and, of these, only a very small minority were working towards or had met the criteria for emotional health and well-being in their school. 19. Small schools often had informal but effective arrangements for recording and discussing concerns about pupils well-being. Staff quickly perceived changes in pupils behaviour, behaviour or progress. An important feature of these effective schools was the quality of the communication between staff, for example between class teachers, teaching assistants and the special educational needs co-ordinator.Recognising and providing for individual needs Working in partnership with other agencies 20. All schools and leas recognised the importance of working well with professionals f rom the health and social services. word working with these other agencies was crucial in planning and providing for pupils individual needs. The challenge, however, for professionals from a range of disciplines was to achieve a common understanding of the problems of pupils with mental health difficulties. The following case study shows the benefits of effective joint working. teddy studyA counseling in a secondary school was working with a pupil who had referred herself for support. The pupils mother did not know this. A mental health worker from CAMHS, who worked in a local clinic, was likewise working with the pupil and approached the advocate to see if they could work together with the pupil and parent. The counsellor discussed this with the pupil who gave permission for her mother to be sink ined. Both professionals became engaged in supporting the parent and child. The consistent approach hold between the adults ensured more straightforward discussions and properly agr eed resolutions to problems. 1. Many of the local authorities visited were in a period of reorganisation as they set up Childrens Services to meet the requirements of the Children Act 2004. Practice is beginning to develop to establish the joint planning and working at the heart of this legislation. For example, one LEA was developing multi-agency patch teams and common referral procedures were being considered. Despite this, the survey showed that there was a long way to go to ensure that the legislative intentions result in better practice in schools. 22.Partnerships with external services were failing in nearly a quarter of the schools visited and significant improvements were compulsory in two thirds of them. Only a few of the secondary schools had good arrangements for multi-agency working. Relationships between schools and social services were particularly variable. 23. Unsatisfactory relationships between schools and other agencies were typified by the unavailability of so cial workers, even for urgent cases schools inflexibilities in approaching the planning of programmes to meet the needs of some of their pupils frequent staff changes long time lag lists for referrals reliance on personal informal contacts rather than agreed systems issues relating to geographic boundaries which remain unresolved. In the third of schools where multi-agency work was good, all the agencies had found ways of resolving such difficulties. 24. The most effective strategies which promoted good joint working included regular, frequent meetings attended by all agencies. Pupils needs were discussed and plans agreed and recorded. Case study A Vulnerable Students Panel effectively identified students xperiencing emotional health difficulties and provided appropriate multi-agency support for them. The panel met monthly and included representatives from a range of agencies. It was chaired by a deputy headteacher and a psychiatric nurse who was the manager of the school suppo rt centre. All school staff were informed confidentially about the students who had been discussed and this dissemination aided further identification. Decisions made by the panel ensured that agencies were deployed to work most effectively in their areas of superlative competence and avoided unnecessary duplication of effort.Importantly, the school and agency representatives were charged with taking action and reporting back on its success at the undermentioned meeting. In this way each organisation was accountable to the panel. 25. Identifying one person to be responsible for co-ordinating and liaising with health and social services helped communication and ensured important information about pupils was disseminated effectively. 26. In a few LEAs, networks of professionals working in the same area met regularly to share effective strategies.They learnt about each others working practices and this promoted a shared understanding of issues. There was good practice in schools wh ere a wide range of professionals including counsellors, therapists, social workers and psychologists were employed by the school. Case study A primary school had formal procedures for logging concerns about a childs academic, personal, social or emotional development. A nurture group also provided a way of identifying pupils who might have mental health difficulties. The school used short-term charitable funding to employ a family officer.She maintained coating links with families identified as being in crisis and was therefore advantageously able to identify pupils at risk of developing difficulties in their emotional health and well-being. This approach encouraged partnership working so that parents referred their child to the family officer, headteacher or special educational needs coordinator if they had concerns. 27. Regular visits by other professionals helped schools to identify pupils who might be experiencing mental health difficulties. Case study The headteacher attende d the schools breakfast club every day and a mental health worker attended once a week.The club provided an effective method of identification through direct annotation of children and regular communication with parents. 28. Sometimes other agencies initiated the joint working and the schools grasped the opportunity to go into. Case study A consultant paediatrician at a local hospital initiated collaborationism amongst different schools to promote emotional literacy amongst pupils. The initiative was inspired by an attempt to deal with bullying, cited as a problem by many children who attended the hospital.The cast, now in its fourth year, involve pupils from a primary school, special school, high school and the local schooling service. The projects activities were based on posters which depicted problems faced by pupils. They were encouraged to develop listening skills, understand the perspective of others and to negotiate and compromise. hospital staff encouraged the use of a common language by colleagues and the project fostered strong links between the health and education services. The result was fewer individual referrals to the hospital. Pupils who experienced bullying were usually referred directly to the project for support. 9. The pupils who were least mentally well were those who were withdrawn or depressed and who were underachieving as a result. Schools commonly identified pupils whose attendance was unsatisfactory and who did not participate fully in school life. Typically, these pupils had few or no friends and were separated in the play ground. However, they presented few challenges to teachers and, too often, their problems were not followed up. Few schools see non-attendance, lateness or falling behind in course work and planning as indicative of deeper problems. 30.Schools relied too much on informal methods to identify vulnerable pupils. Primary schools, particularly, insisted that they were able to identify such pupils easily bec ause they knew their pupils very well. 31. Only a minority of the secondary schools used information from pupils foregoing schools to help recognise those who might experience mental health difficulties. Relationships with parents 32. A key to effective identification and provision lay in schools relationships with parents. link with parents and other agencies were closest in the early years.Home visits, where parents could talk openly about their concerns and their childrens behaviour, and initiatives such as parenting classes, supported the identification of any problems or difficulties. As pupils grew older, schools found it harder to sustain such relationships, although there were examples of very good practice in primary, secondary and special schools. The main characteristics of good practice were home visits by teachers and other support staff training for parents in developing healthy minds parental support groups regular meetings and telephone contact co-ordination wi th other agencies so that parents had to attend only one meeting. 33. Parental support groups were particularly common in the schools visited. In the following case study, the support groups were run by a local CAMHS team based in the school. The workers were able to talk to teachers while they were in the school and to ensure that information about individual pupils was discussed with them when appropriate. Case study A group of half a dozen parents met for ten two-hour sessions. The aim of the group was to help parents enjoy rather than plain manage their children.Parents learned how to play games and stimulate their children, thus strengthening their relationship. They particularly appreciated the opportunity to share their concerns with other parents who understood the problems. One parent reported, You realise youre not on your own you dont feel so bad. The project was in its infancy, but there were signs that it was helping parents to develop confidence and to help each othe r do better. 34. Difficulties in working with parents stemmed from late diagnosis of a pupils problems uncoordinated support from a range of agencies poor information provided for parents about whom to contact inadequate account taken of parents childcare arrangements, so that they sometimes had difficulties in attending meetings prohibit feedback to parents about their children parents perceptions that the school had effrontery(p) up on their child. One parent observed, Nobody ever verbalise what was available you had to find out for yourself or hear it from someone else. 35. Most, but not all, of the pupils identified with mental health difficulties also had emotional, social and behavioural difficulties (EBSD).Some had more than one such difficulty. Ofsted has reported recently on the provision for these pupils and its effectiveness. 8 This report focuses on the provision required for pupils who do not unavoidably have special educational needs but who require superero gatory emotional support to succeed at school. Informal arrangements 36. Half the schools in the survey operated self-referral or drop-in schemes run by peer counsellors, youth and community workers, school nurses, in-school counsellors and those from voluntary organisations.These arrangements enabled the pupils to identify themselves and seek the help they wanted and needed. Case study A secondary school appointed a health practitioner who dealt with a wide range of issues developing self-esteem, anger management, rest period and stress management. Pupils were able to make their own appointments and the work was completely confidential. She also did some teaching. This made her more accessible and reduced the stigma for pupils of whack at the door. 37. A very small minority of primary schools offered pupils opportunities for self-referral to staff.In these schools, pupils could draw or write about themselves in a reflections book or a feelings book, make use of a bullying box, and write or talk directly to the headteacher or the PSHE co-ordinator. Pupils who had such opportunities reported that this was supportive and gave them confidence. A Year 6 pupil said of her reflections book It helps me to have a confidential conversation with my teacher about things that are worrying me. 38. A programme of education about set also helped pupils to talk freely and openly about their feelings.Each pupil was given a book in which they could write or draw a picture about the things that had made them happy or sad. Teachers monitored the books regularly to ensure that a pupils personal difficulties were identified early they were omnipotent additions in a school where the ethos was already strongly supportive of pupils emotional well-being. 39. Clubs and after-school activities also enabled schools to support vulnerable pupils in a way which reduced the stigma of referrals. 40. In one primary school, 50 pupils regularly attended the happy/sad club, where they talked a bout positive or negative experiences that concerned them.Clear ground rules had been established, which were understood by pupils, such as respecting what had been discussed and not gossiping. Pupils could put a photograph in a scrapbook of people that were special to them. The teacher usually led a short, directed session based on an appropriate text and provided an opportunity for meditation and reflection. The high number attending reduced the possibility of negative labelling and pupils had good opportunities to share their thoughts and feelings openly with their peers. 1. Pupils often commented that they particularly valued opportunities to talk and be listened to. The extent to which pupils with mental health difficulties have problems in making and sustaining friendships may explain, to some extent, the success of peer support schemes. 42. Nearly half the primary schools visited had effective initiatives which were based on pupils helping each other to resolve difficulties. One school focused on socially isolated pupils by appointing playground angels.The angels had periodical meetings with a teacher and were also represented on the school council. Pupils involved in these activities felt that they helped them to show responsibility towards younger children and to develop into grow and sensible people. 43. Others schools focused on the difficult point of transition between primary and secondary school. Pupils who struggled to make friends were considered by a few primary schools to be particularly at risk of experiencing problems. These schools developed a range of peer support programmes, as in the following example Case studyA group of Year 4 pupils were considered to be at risk of difficulties on transition and the school decided to make provision in collaboration with the local secondary school. Year 8 pupils were invited to apply for posts of pupil mentors. They were interviewed and successful applicants were trained. Over two years, the primar y pupils visited the secondary school at least once each half term for lessons, lunchtimes and social activities. On each occasion they were met by their individual mentor and had time to discuss issues with them. Primary pupils really enjoyed the programme.They were very clear how the transitional programme had helped them to prepare for secondary education. 44. Two thirds of the secondary schools visited had good peer counselling, support and mediation systems. chum mentors who had themselves experienced difficulties in the past commented on how much they valued helping younger pupils who were also experiencing problems. The most successful schemes provided thorough training for the pupils oblation the support, as well as careful monitoring from the teachers responsible for it. Provision through professional referral 45. Referral systems differed widely.In one area, the consultant psychiatrists responded to requests for information about pupils the service accepted referrals fro m any involved professional. More commonly, however, panels of professionals considered referrals. The latter arrangement had some advantages in that there was discussion and agreement on the type of noise which was most likely to succeed. However, this arrangement also tended to create delays in responding to pupils needs. 46. Not all professionals were clear about how referrals should be made, and who ought to make them, for particular types of provision.This lack of clarity meant that pupils who might have benefited from services were not given access to them since the school was unaware that it could make such a referral. 47. Schools and pupil referral units (PRUs) did not always receive an equitable service from other agencies, especially where education, social services and health services had not agreed how resources should be allocated and work prioritised. It was common to find that a CAMHS worker was based in a school in one part of a local authority, while, in the same a uthority, another school had to make referrals to a panel.The schools were unaware of why these differences existed. 48. The most common types of provision were counselling family work mentoring and support workers who visited the pupils regularly and provided advocacy and support through discussion and activities a modified curriculum and timetable nurture groups and sanctuary space. 49. This provision was largely effective when it was matched well to the judgement of the pupils needs. However not all schools were able to attract the additional resources required to provide these types of opportunities.Larger schools had more funding to be able to establish support centres specifically for pupils with mental health problems. 50. Local and national voluntary organisations played an important role in working with schools and local authorities to provide services for children and young people with mental health difficulties, and they were often represented on local CAMHS strateg y groups. In some local authorities, partnerships with voluntary organisations provided helpful services for schools and parents, such as counselling and family therapy.Voluntary groups were often better at monitoring and evaluating the impact of their work since they depended on such evidence to attract further funding. Case study In one local authority a charity had been working in some schools for fin years. For an annual fee, the school received a large amount of support from the charity which provided an art therapist and a dance instructor who worked with pupils identified by the school and provided counsellors, supervised by team leaders, from the charity. NotesThis survey is based on the findings of a survey of 72 settings in eight local authorities. The settings and almost all the authorities were selected randomly to represent a variety of shire and unitary authorities. One authority was chosen because of known good work in the area of mental health. Her Majestys Inspect ors (HMI) visited early years settings, primary and secondary schools, pupil referral units, hospital schools and settings, maintained and freelance schools for pupils with EBSD and learning difficulties, and specialist provision for pupils who had been bullied.HMI observed lessons and other activities, scrutinised policies and records and held discussions with 269 pupils and 115 parents. Discussions were also held with a range of local authority staff, headteachers and senior managers, teachers, teaching assistants, learning mentors, and representatives of voluntary organisations. They also met CAMHS regional development workers. Further information Publications Promoting childrens mental health within early years and school settings, (DfEE 0121/2001), DfEE, 2001. SEN and balk towards inclusive schools (HMI 2276), Ofsted, 2004.Managing challenging behaviour (HMI 2363), Ofsted, 2005. Mental Health and brotherly Exclusion, Social Exclusion Unit Report, Office of the Deputy Prime M inister, 2004. http//www. socialexclusionunit. gov. uk/downloaddoc. asp? id=134 Promoting social, emotional and behavioural skills in primary schools, Primary National Strategy, DfES, 2004. Developing emotional health and well-being a whole-school approach to improving behaviour and attendance, Key gunpoint 3 National Strategy, DfES, 2004. Behaviour and attendance toolkits, Key Stage 3 National Strategy, DfES, 2005. http//www. standards. fes. gov. uk/keystage3/respub/ba_toolu Promoting emotional health and well-being through the national healthy school standard (NHSS), NHS Health exploitation Agency, 2004. http//www. hda-online. org. uk/Documents/promoting_health_wellbeing. pdf Guidance on new ways of working for psychiatrists in a multi-disciplinary and multi-agency context national steering group interim report, NIMHE, CWP, Royal College of Psychiatrists and Department of Health, 2004. http//www. dh. gov. uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/Pu blicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4087352=01RXVr in effect(p) joint working between child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and schools, Research report no. 412, Bridget Pettitt, Mental Health Foundation, DfES, 2003. Websites www. dfes. gov. uk/mentalhealth DfES Mental Health www. rcpsych. ac. uk Royal College of Psychiatrists www. socialexclusionunit. gov. uk Mental health and social exclusion www. standards. dfes. gov. uk/primary DfES guidance on developing childrens social, emotional and behavioural skills www. teachernet. gov. uk/management/atoz/n/nhss/ National Healthy Schools Standard &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 Promoting childrens mental health within early years and school settings (DfES 0121/2001), DfES, 2001. 2Promoting emotional health and well-being through the national healthy school standard (NHSS), NHS Health knowledge Agency, 2004. 3 Promoting childrens health within early years and school settings, DfES, 2001. 4 Bright futur es promoting children and young peoples mental health, Mental Health Foundation, 1999. 5 The SEAL resource box can be ordered from Prolog, Tel. 0845 602 2260, email&160protected uk. com (ref DFES 0110 2005 KIT), or viewed and ordered from the Teachernet website www. eachernet. gov. uk/seal. 6 Promoting childrens mental health within the early years and school settings, DfES, 2001. 7 The NHSS is funded jointly by the DfES and the Department of Health, hosted by the Health Development Agency (HDA). It forms part of the governments drive to reduce health inequalities, promote social inclusion and raise educational standards through school improvement. 8 Managing challenging behaviour (HMI 2363), Ofsted, 2005. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Primary and SecondaryJuly 2005 HMI 2457 &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212

Youth culture

There is a distinctive kind of pronounceion by which immature people designate which is generally different from the accepted culture of their community. These regularitys by which the youth express themselves and communicate are known as youth culture. (Wikipedia). It is said that unfledged people clear their own subculture that is unique to themselves. This was believed to have started because of the economic and political climate that was most dominant during the 20th century, after World warfare II (Wikipedia).Todays youth are non entirely subject on their parents for their knowledge and opinions. They have become much indep discontinueent as cadence goes on. There are many changes that they undergo and it takes extra struggle to really understand all of their behavior (Taylor, Carl 2003). In most of the complaisant problems considered by at onces youthfulness adults, the critical factor is the use of parents and educational institutions in forming, molding and st rengthening of children and young adults value. This is best captured in ace of the reflections break downn by a father in his encounter with his children. retributory listening to his children, looking them in the eye, and getting himself into their minds and hearts cook a strong relationship of care and trust and openness. This paper obliges that smoking must be legalized at age 21, just as in drinking.Medias influenceCigarettes are the most heavily advertised consumer product. Every year, tobacco plant companies spend nearly $4 billion on cigarette ad and promotion in the United States alone according to The Economist, published in May 16, 1992. Add to this the fact that young people rely on their peers for approval. When they do non feel that they belong, research sees the specific influence of family difficulties on adolescent depression that has been made linking it with smoking more and more cigarettes.The case was based on the clinical data summaries of children and adolescents who attended the Maudsley Hospital during the s steadyties and 1980s. The study concluded that although depression is the largest single risk factor for jejune deviance such as smoking of cigarettes, family relationship difficulties make a signifi evictt independent contribution to this risk (Hollis, C. 1996). Thus, smoking cigarettes can be an outlet for these people who are of age to decide on their future.Psychology in raising the youthIn raising teens, Covey (1999, 100) highlights the grandeur of being sensitive to the angle of inclination of the youth to reject. According to him, this tendency of teenagers comes from their headache of being spurned. Their rejection experiences make them clout back into a kind of scold to protect themselves from being rejected again. This could be aggravated by parents who baulk to look honestly at what their children are doing even denying that there is a problem, making excuses for their child, or blaming the school, teach ers, family, friends, or society. Fixing the childs problems by giving in to demands, justifying insubordination is just a normal grammatical constituent of adolescence. Compromising the parents own values just to keep the peace at home or maintain a veneer of harmony is non an uncommon solution. If and when the worst web site comes up, the decision to intervene remains with the parents and not with the juvenile justice system.Yet, parents are often at a blemish on what best to do.Sensitive yearsAn some other doable cause why more teenagers are smoking now is because adolescence is the transitional stage of development between childhood and full adulthood, representing the period of time during which a person is biologically adult but madly not at full maturity. The ages which are considered to be part of adolescence vary by culture. In the United States, adolescence is generally considered to begin around age 13, and end around 24. Adolescence can be a scary time, full of ang st and vernal emotions. It is too a time when the tremendous amount of energy of young people can contribute to many worthwhile projects. The more parents and teachers can do to engage teenagers, the more likely it is that young people volition have a successful transition to adulthood. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood liability, gloomy introspection, great drama and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of ascension and behavioral experimentation.Taylor (2003) continues in his journal about the youth culture today that it is important that people realize that the youth must be also be equated with positive values instead of the stereotyped association of urban youth with criminality and juvenile delinquency. This is important so as not to establish a self-fulfilling prophecy about this.In most of the social problems encountered by todays young adults, the critical factor is the affair of parents and educational institutions in forming, molding and strengthening of children and young adults values. This is best captured in one of the reflections given by a father in his encounter with his children. Just listening to his children, looking them in the eye, and getting oneself into their minds and hearts establish a strong relationship of care and trust and openness.In raising teens, Covey (1999, 100) highlights the importance of being sensitive to the tendency of the youth to reject. According to him, this tendency of teenagers comes from their fear of being rejected. Their rejection experiences make them pull back into a kind of shell to protect themselves from being rejected again. This could be aggravated by parents who refuse to look honestly at what their children are doing even denying that there is a problem, making excuses for their child, or blaming the school, teachers, family, friends, or society.Fixing the childs problems by giving in to demands, justifying rebelliousness is just a normal part of adolescence. Compromising the pare nts own values just to keep the peace at home or maintain a veneer of harmony is not an uncommon solution. If and when the worst situation comes up, the decision to intervene remains with the parents and not with the juvenile justice system.Yet, parents are often at a loss on what best to do. All too often, parents seek counsels from all who could give professional, religious and forms of advice.They meet with their childrens teachers, and consult doctors, ministers or other reckon adults or experts. But solutions remain elusive as problems arise referable to lack of cooperation, resistance or sheer evasiveness of the child. These results in more tension-filled homes making those affected withdrawn and torn as their own parents. insularism and divorce become handy devises for parents. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the make of stress as adolescence is in itself a complex developmental stage. smoke will provide a good alternative instead of possessing guns. in like ma nner there are a lot of factors that underscore the fact that the role of the family in providing a cushion for young people as they go through their adolescence. Resilience in youth can be build to create a positive mental health by the families and friends to which they belong. (Taylor, Carl 2003).Often, some(prenominal) youth cliques with similar norms and values coalesce into larger. More loosely nonionized aggregations. Not only do cliques permit adolescents to express their values and return out new roles as they begin their quest to forge an identity element apart from their families, but they also pave the way for the establishment of other mature relationships (Brown, 1990).ConclusionYoung people today are defining themselves through pat culture, new breeds of alternative music and a host of other methods. (Taylor, Carl 2003). Dr. Wharton eloquently deemed it tribalism and the young followers of todays musical genres, whether they are devotees of Marilyn Manson or Ma rshall Mathers, The failure of generations of parents and other adults to attempt to understand and communicate with young people has lead to countless incidents of suffering throughout communities.Legalizing smoking may help youth in that delicate transition stage and even make him aware of the benefits of healthy living and make more level resolutions for life. We must ask ourselves how many unfortunate circumstances and situations might have not occurred had the proper interventions been used with a young person throughout the years. Today we have the opportunity to begin a new method of thinking and engaging our young, for the betterment of our society and ourselves (Taylor, Carl 2003).WORKS CITEDCovey, Stephen R. Living the 7 Habits. (1999)Taylor, Carl. collar Youth Culture. Journal of Urban Youth Culture Introductory Editorial. February 2003Trends in Child Databank. (April 2005) Retrieved Feb. 6, 2007 at www.childstrenddatabank.orgYouth Culture. Wikipedia Retrieved Feb. 6, 2007 at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_culture

Natural disaster case study

on that point were many problems but the main issue was in the following The purpose making In both incidents was not rational Lack of grooming for unexpected problems, although as mentioned In the two cases weather problems can be predicted approximately, so a solid plan should look at been made. Problem plea Although Roomers decision is a legal and rational decision from his point of view, insofar it was not an ethical one and it was biased.His decision was utilitarian it was meant for the greater satisfactory for the company not taking into consideration the rights of the clients and he didnt care which touch the image of his company in the media, this go away eventu tout ensembley lead to decline in the revenues for the upcoming years as the company have scattered its image. Same goes for Melanin, his company was not prepared for a predictable environmental factor although they claim to be the best in customer renovation among all the other companies.They didnt only f ail in managing the crisis when happened which is a ill luck and a lack of planning but also their reaction later on the problem was not rational. In spite of the negative feedback they achieved they didnt try to leave It up and apologize, they offered a turn back which more people though weekending, Melanin Insisted that they didnt get out a mistake that they should recover which again defiantly affected the free grace of the company and embody him his job.Suggested Alternatives across the country First Alternative For Nationwide, they could have called for solicit group with all the media and admit that they wont be able to provide everyone with all their specie as this way they would bankrupted, instead they would work on component their customers based on the severity of their case giving priority for those who yened substance loss. Evaluation of this resolution Pros This way Nationwide forget stand by correct their Image which will assure a better sex act wit h customer and thus more revenues In the future Cons Nationwide will suffer from a unmindful term financial crisis.Second Alternative Nationwide would have a bun in the oven the full insurance amount of money to those who agree on sign language a long-term contract with Nationwide. Evaluation of this solution Pros This will help oneself the families ill-used from the hurricane and will guarantee Nationwide a steady Income on a long period of time Cons This Solution will cost Nationwide a lot of money which will put them In a serious financial risk.Third Alternative For Nationwide, after the damage have happened they could have Issued a press release explaining why they had to take these actions and offer help to the homes, they could do so by partnering with a furniture provider who would be interested in reliving the damaged families also. Evaluation of this solution Pros this attempt will show Nationwide trials to help the society which will help their image of Nationwide how ever with a lower cost.Cons Nationwide will try to fix the problem by paying money along with another company which will decrease the cost, ND help in repairing the damage done for their image Recommendation I would go with the first alternative, as it will lead to a win-win situation for most of the customers in addition to Nationwide. It will also help in doctor the damage done to the goodwill of the company. angry walk Stubble, should organize a press conference showing their sincere apology and compassion to the pain their passenger had to break as result of this unexpected event and announcing their plan to reverse these incidents in the future Evaluation of this solution Pros This way the company will hold on its image and goodwill which will assure a teeter relation with customer without having to endure a financial crisis Cons Some customers may not accept the apology asking for compensations.Second Alternative Stubble should send a personalized apology to each person wh o was trapped on their planes tended to(p) with an incentive of free miles to be used in the next year. Pros Stubble this way will gain the respect of their customers saving their goodwill, and ensuring that a piece of them will use them during the next year which leads too profit for them. Cons It will be a financial liability on the company for the short period of time, having to distribute all the free miles.Third Alternative Full refund to the passengers who were affected, with a press conference explaining the reasons behind the problem and the procedures taken to avoid it in the future. Pros This way will help Stubble to protect their reputation, and hold back their customers. Cons refunding all the passengers will be a financial burden. Recommendation I would go with the second alternative, as it will help in the damage control for the reputation of the company with a guarantee that at least(prenominal) a percentage of them will be using their services in the next year, w ith a minimal amount of money invested in this process.

Contemporary Canadian Business Law Essay

A minor named Alice entered into a signalise with Silver silver grey Ltd. for get silverware on a long credit take in. The goods was delivered but the payment was not yet been all-encompassingy make by Alice. Before she attain the age of majority, Alice surrenderd the accept and refused to lessen the silverware. The companion demanded a return of the silverware and refused to refund. The comp each sued Alice for the balance of purchase price. The legal issues in this case are whether Alice has the legal talent to the contract and whether Alice has the right to cease the contract.If the second question is answered affirmative, what the effect of repudiation will occur in this case? Should Alice return the silverware and should she be liable to the lost of teaspoons? Finally, should the Silver Flatware Ltd. Refund the money had been give by Alice? The complainants occupation would be that the defendant must return the goods if she wants to repudiate the contract. The l ost of teaspoons should be counted as damage to the goods and the plaintiff is entitled to recover the loss by charging compensation from the defendant.The defendants argument would be that she has the right to repudiate the contract since she was a minor while entering into the contract and she repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority. The defendant has the option to repudiate the contract because the contract has not been fully performed and it was signed for purchasing non-necessary goods. The defendant was entitled to a return of the payment as she was a minor at the clock time she entered into the contract. The defendant was not liable to the lost of teaspoons since it was not a leave terminus of the minors deliberate act and it was not redeemable by the merchant.In my opinion, the apparent decision of the court would be that the defendant must return the goods and the plaintiff must refund all the monies paid by the defendant. The defendant must return the goods before the plaintiff is cause to return the monies paid. The defendant is not liable to the lost parts of the goods. The reasons for the probable decisions are as follows. Firstly, public policy dictates that minors should not be bound by their promises. The defendant did not have the legal capacity to a contract since she entered into the contract and repudiated the contract before her attaining of the age of majority.Secondly, the contract has not been fully performed as the defendant has not made full payment of the goods, so the contract is voidable at the defendants option. Thirdly, the goods purchased was a non-necessary goods since the silverwork is commonly considered as luxury but not necessary. Therefore, the plaintiff is not liable on such contract. According to the reasons stated above, the defendant who is a minor has the right to repudiate the contract at whatsoever time and at her option, for the reason of the contract has not been fully performed and it was for purchasing non-necessary goods.Additionally, once the contract has been repudiated, the minor is entitled to a return of any deposit paid to the adult contractor. Since the minor has purchased the goods on credit and interpreted delivery, the minor must return the goods before the merchant is obliged to return any monies paid. Finally, the loss of loosing teaspoons is not recoverable by the merchant because in that location is no evidence provided to proof that the loss is a direct result of the minors deliberate act.

The Classic of Poetry

The upright of Poetry is a collection of old Chinese literature that has been rewritten and renamed into the track record of Songs/Odes. (Norton Anthology of knowledge domain books 812) This collection of poems seemed to become popular around the beginning of Confucianism. Confucianism is the concept of picnic ones life or work on allowance figures, family, and friends. The expression of Confucianism is best seen in the work of Tu Fu. Confucianism is wide spread by means ofout the classical of Poetry.Confucianism is brought out in the verse because it focuses on education, governmental views, and amic satisfactory views. Education in the poesy helped to spread the ideas or moral determine and knowledge to the people of China. (Norton Anthology of World lit 812) Political and social views were too spread because it seemed to give the Chinese people an outlook of their own political system and how the system was used to run the different Chinese dynas plug intos. The Class ic of Poetry spread through China like wildfire and was first acknowledge the most by the Chou society. Norton Anthology of World books 812) Confucius wanted the poetry to get a reaction from people and for people to be commensurate to get actual perceptions from reading the poetry. The idea was for the ratifier to be able to put themselves in the authors brain as if the reader is physically seeing what the author describes. The Classic of Poetry is compiled of simple poetry it essentially lays out the domain of early Chinese Civilization. (Norton Anthology of World Literature 813)Also read Platos Attack on PoetryDifferent works in the Classic of Poetry truly do seem very simple scarce when reading amid the lines it is easy to find the poems unbowed meaning. Fishhawk is an excellent example of poetry that appears to be simple, but in reality it has a deep meaning. Fishhawk is a poem about a effeminate that is watching her husband have an affair with a much jr. woman from a distance. The woman is hurt and angered but testament stay with her husband until the end of her/his days because that is what is expected. She would not dargon to direct her husband even though there is infidelity in the marriage. Stewart) in that location seems to be an unwritten understanding that marriage in the Chinese subtlety is sacred even if there is no physical attraction between the husband and wife. Marriage is a sacred bond and one would never enter into divorce. Popol Vuh is a compilation of stories from the Quiche people of Guatemala. (Norton Anthology of World Literature 3076) Popol Vuh is wide-cut of mythological narratives and a genealogy of the rulers of the Post-Classic Quiche Maya kingdom of highland Guatemala. (Vopus) The Popol Vuh is make of stories incorporated together to create an epic and may be called novelistic. (Norton Anthology of World Literature 3076) The Popol Vuh alike has comparisons to those in The leger since it covers creation of the Earth and the living creatures on the earth. The Bible explains how God made the Heavens and the Earths and Popol Vuh explains how gods made the Earth, placed in in the sky, and populated the Earth with living creatures. The comparison between The Bible and Popol Vuh is perhaps the biggest comparison that can be made since there ar various similarities. The Bible covers the great flood and how God was angered by the sins of mankind and He eradicateed the Earth and everyone except Noah and his family and the animals on the ark. Popol Vuh gods were also angered by mankind and sent a flood to destroy them as well. The mythology aspect in the Popol Vuh is perhaps a passed down composition from The Bible that is told according to the Quiche people. Clearly there are enough similarities to trifle truth to The Bible and the story of creation and the flood. Popol Vuh genealogy is depicted through the family ties.The match Hunahu and Xbalanque are the main focus of the storys genealogy. The twins have a family line that is involved throughout the Popol Vuh. Part common chord of the Popol Vuh goes back to an earlier time in history when Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu, the father and uncle of the twins, were disappointed in the underworld and were buried in the evening gown court. Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu were great ball players as were the twins Hunahu and Xbalanque. The genealogical connections are that the family as a social unit were good ball players and were apparently good at defeating others.There is a family tie there that cannot be broken and is strong bond. The Classic of Poetry and the Popol Vuh are both amazing works of world literature. Each of these works has made its mark on two very different endings and societies. The Chinese culture is one that is strong and true in morals and knowledge interest Confucianism. The Quiche also seemed to be focused on strong morals and religions as a whole. Bibliography Stewart, Summer. Women The Hips of A ncient Chinese and Egyptian Cultures. . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. lthttp//voices. yahoo. com/women-hips-ancient-chinese-egyptian- cultures-5713174. html>. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. A. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. C. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. Vopus, . Popol Vuh The Sacred Book of The Mayas. . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. <http//www. vopus. org/en/gnosis/gnostic-anthropology/popol-vuh-sacred-book-of-the- mayas. html>.

Honor Killings of Women Essay

The inquiry of sexual activity equality has invariably been one of the most acute in the present day world. In the western world a number of countries ar promoting equal rights betwixt men and women. The join Kingdom and the coupled States subscribe perpetually been know as the countries that gave birth to the suffragette movement, feminist movements and the struggle for female equality has always been one of the most discussed themes in the UK and the USA.It is non affect that such(prenominal) a probative as yett as the suffragette movement and other equality organizations provided a he impact on the development of hearty, political and legal spheres of the United Kingdom For years the United Kingdom had championed gender equality in public policy, in democratic institutions and through extensive anti-discrimination laws, but erasing disagreement between the sexes was an unfinished project that the artlesss officials were striving to fill in through legislative ref orm and stronger womens empowerment policies and programming, a parliamentary Under-Secretary and Minister for the East of England told the Womens Anti-Discrimination Committee today (Committee on voiding of Discrimination against Women, 2008) . But the flagellumening signals guide appe bed already in the western sandwich Countries.The Immigrants find possible for comply sidesplittings crystallise it is prohibited by the laws of the country they atomic number 18 living in and it importantly bothers the g allwherenmental and international gentleman rights organizations, which assist struggle of women equality. It is non surprising such a significant event as the struggle for equal rights for women (and it should be noted that it is steadfast for more than hundred years already) has importantly impacted the fond career in the western world and such brea phratryg news pee-pee become a real shock for those who participate in gender struggle. There are a number of investig ators who provided numerous researches dealing with the question of equality in the Islamic countries as tumesce as in the Western Ones. The burning question which is examined within this essay is discover cleanings.The enigma area is why the civilized countries such as the United States are involved in the Affairs with the countries, which energise such Barbarian laws and even observe this among the immigrants, who dwell in the US. Honor Killings in the Western and Islamic Countries the Reasons, Prevention and Perspectives On February 12, 2009, Muzzammil Hassan informed police that he had beheaded his wife. Hassan had immigrated to the United States 30 years ago and, after a successful banking career, had founded connect TV, a Muslim-interest network which aims, according to its website, to foster a greater correspondence among many cultures and diverse populations. Erie County govern Attorney Frank A. Sedita III told The overawe News that this is the worst form of d omestic violence possible, and Khalid Qazi, president of the Muslim Public Affairs Council of Western New York, told the New York Post that Islam forbids such domestic violence. While Muslim advocacy organizations argue that honor violent deaths are a misnomer stigmatizing Muslims for what is simply domestic violence, a problem that has nothing to do with morality, Phyllis Chesler, who just completed a study of more than 50 instances of spousal relationship American honor killings, says the evidence suggests otherwise (Phyllis Chesler, 2009). It goes without saying that honor killing was a real shock for the both societies Christian and Muslim. The person, who could hardly be expected to violate anyones human rights, suddenly killed his wife.It is requisite that it significantly undermining of confidence of the Muslim society in the eyes of the neighbors as it is not just domestic violence as it was reported by the Erie County District Attorney, but it is severe crime, which oug ht to be punished. It is natural that the society would be bore to learn what the reasons for such actions as honor killing are and how this could be explained, by the researches. The cultural background of the honor killings is obvious and it roots go deeply into the Muslim perception and understanding of female nature, their rights and patriarchate, which is observed in the Muslim Countries. It is a well known accompaniment that the Muslim countries have very significant problems with the gender equality and women are not allowed even to break up the clothes they would akin to, the punishment for this could be the one and however death.Families that kill for honor will threaten young womans and women if they ref pulmonary tuberculosis to cover their hair, their faces, or their bodies or act as their familys domestic servant wear makeup or Western clothing choose friends from another religion date seek to obtain an advanced education refuse an lay marriage seek a divorce fro m a violent save marry against their parents wishes or behave in ways that are considered similarly independent, which might mean anything from driving a car to spending sentence or living away from home or family (Phyllis Chesler, 2009). The religious and heathen prejudice does not let young people to reveal and evidence them. There were noticed a number of cases, when children, mostly young girls, were killed by their parents (even mothers assisted the fathers) in killing young girls, who did not emergency to hook up with the religious dogmas of Islamic culture. Unfortunately some adults do not want to understand that contemporary life goes far beyond the religion dictates and it is essential that children want to be alike their classmates, do not wear hijab, use make up and other.The same magazine the parents should be also still as they want to keep traditions as cultural as well as religious to preserve their ethnic and cultural identity. These honor killing have alread y become a part of their life for railyard years and they consider that westernizing is a kind of disgrace, which could be cured merely by a kill. It is like some kind of ritual. The same time it does not excuse their intention to violate the human rights and kill those who do not want some have viewed honor killings as a logical extension of traditional Islamic gender practices, the natural topic of system that enforces sex-segregation through veiling and female seclusion and harshly punishes violations of these boundaries. Others have argued that honor killings are the antithesis of Islamic morality.This latter view is essentially correct from the perspective of Quran, prophetic traditions (hadith), and Islamic legal thought, as a circumspect analysis of the relevant texts shows (Kecia Ali, 2003) It is not very hard to define whether the Islamists have a right to kill, the answer is undoubtedly no human rights are still the same for every individual the nationality, the race, t he religious beliefs. In the Muslim countries the situation is worse than in the western ones as the honor killings is majority authoritarian countries is allowed legally. Women in the Muslim Countries are living under the threat of constant death if they would bring outrage on the family Women in Pakistan watch in fear. They face death by shooting, burning or killing with axes if they are deemed to have brought shame on the family. They are killed for supposed outlawed relationships, for marrying men of their choice, for divorcing abusive husbands.They are even murdered by their kin if they are raped as they are thitherby deemed to have brought shame on their family. The truth of the suspicion does not matter merely the allegation is enough to bring dishonor on the family and therefore justifies the slaying (Amnesty International, 1999) and Pakistan is not the single country, where women live under the total oppression of men. The religious dogmas grew significantly and alongs ide with religious dogmas there have appeared a number of social dogmas, which does not allow women to get equal education with men, to drive cars and natter public places alone. It is a well known fact that women in Saudi-Arabian Arabia do not actually participate in business and code prohibits a number of activities for women.We should not also forget about the fact that Saudi Arabia is a Monarchy, and Islamist country, where religion provides a significant impact on cultural and social life of people, women as well Saudi Arabia follows a strict form of Islamic law that does not allow women self-guardianship, mandating a male guardian for women of all ages. A woman cannot travel, appear in court, marry or work without permission from a male guardian, sometimes her own son (Faiza Saleh Ambah, 2008). The female activists consider that life in the countries like Saudi Arabia could be defined as the sexual slavery. It is not surprising that men are using their power to force women doing something and oppress them in different ways.Describing relations between men and women in Islamic countries there should be noted that the women are not protected legally and could be killed according to the current legal implications of Saudi Arabia Honor killings are justify under Islam in some Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia. For example, tenth-grade textbooks teach Saudi children that it is permissible to kill adulterers. In April 2008, a girl was killed by her father for talking to a boy on Facebook, an online social networking website. A leading Saudi cleric, Sheikh Ali al-Maliki, was outraged that girls had access to such websites where they could post pictures of themselves and otherwise behave badly, but showed no concern over the girl actually killed (Supna Zaidi, 2008).We see that there is no even a slight hint of equality observed within the Islamic world, the unknown activists struggle for the gender equality and it is considered that they succeeded in som e areas, especially in the educational on. But the same time the legal implications that let honor killings still exist. Honor killing occurred in Islamic and non-Islamic countries and the poor statistic exposit the number of victims of religious dogmas. According to the data provided by the United Nations Organizations every year there are up to 5,000 people killed due the honor killings reasons. Should the United States become involved in the affairs of other countries, specially pertaining to human rights, when they include that countrys traditions, philosophies of religious practices?

Chris maccandless

Tramping is too easy with all this bills. My old age were more exciting when I was penniless and had to forage around for my next meal Ive decided that Im going to live this life for some clock to come. The freedom and simple beauty of it is Just too good to descend up. -Christopher Mishandles Currency does corrupt, its like having power. property is something which people can do brainsick things. The desire of cash will certainly variegate people, or not having enough money will make some individuals be dupe of crime.Its very difficult to know whether that person will handle the change in a positive manner. The greed and the ignorance can destroy the relationships from at bottom even if its your parents or best friends in which the outcomes will be irreparable. Money is power, which people want for themselves. The desire for money is a neer terminate trip and most individuals will do anything for this control. When people come in to some money, they feel superior, more pow erful and above the rest of the opposite people that welcome less . Hey start hanging in crowds with the alike level of income, so they feel better. I had a friend who one time talk all the time, play together and hangout. When she got older, her family came in to money risky time. Now she doesnt talk to me, and never does anything with me. A ND I never get invited to her birthday parties Only the people who had a lot of money like her were invited. The order of magnitude and currency is en thing that drew Chris and his fuss away from each there.Chris donated $25,000 to charity abandoned his car which was one of his possessions. Chris scorned money when he brunt his cash, he was showing that he didnt conform to society and was saying that money was useless thing. Money gives you a false and short sense of power, but when its gone, we realize what they have lost. Plaza add I dont know what else to write. Then send it back to me and do u have parliaments email address?

Week Presentation Notes

People with psych problems Like depression and anxiety reach change magnitude likely hood of bad trips Hallucinogenic Properties -Hallucinations (no rope on table, hardly a snake is on the table) -Illusion (rope on table is a snake) -Delusions (fixed fancied belief) -Interrogated Amnesia (Wake up next day, fuck non remember what happened) kinesthesis (crossing of the senses, see sounds, hear colors etc ) Hallucinogens and Brain Chemicals -serotonin (5-HTH Receptor) -Some effect on dopamine, nor-epinephrine, acetylenes) sleep, Serotonin depleted brain afterward Physical Effects Increased farm animal Pressure/Heart Rate -Inseminating -Blurred Vision -Enlarged Pupils -Sweating -Diarrhea -Muscle Cramps -Dehydration After effects of work -Confusion -Fatigue -Depression -Damaged Serotonin Neurons (with frequent ab pulmonary tuberculosis) Serotonin depletion (For next 2 weeks) Includes numbness in emotions LSI 1938 Sands PharmaceuticalsFBI tested as a mind control drug in s fag e nd Timothy Leary, sass way to give birth in receive with your feelings sass resurgence of use, with the advent of the rave (urban hatful in ass/ass, and homo familiars) sass much more into high school/teenage use Northern California is where almost USA LSI do in inebriant type solution, put it on blotter paper 1 1 lbs of material shag supply the entire country S junior-grades reaction clock and Judgment, suicide in bad trips, confusion causes suicide also. Ecstasy The most popular drug currently, mix of amphetamine and psychedelic, sass use for burthen loss. SASS psychiatrist studied use in treatment of PATS, patients describe it helped them get in tough with their feelings and explore the traumas DEAD in middle sass outlawed it sass rave scene Effects Energy, empathy, love, dance, sexual desire southwest raves, 2-3 day long dances, 2-3 people die from temporary worker issue Not taken then sat on puke or as only drug at the same precondition Mostly pill form.No regula tion, made in platemade lab, no motif what is in it, sometimes put ephedrine, or PC. Sometimes just concentrated chalk. Unpredictable, next day truly depressed/ unsafe, tolerance, mental ere high, physically not so much. Astatine, anesthetic, put you out of surgery, vets use it, most of the time people steal from medical. Euphoria, no pain, lots of amnesia, used as date offend drug PC also anesthetic, not usually used in medicine anymore, unpredictable, bizarre behavior, very hard to titrated the dose, from pleasant to seizures etc.. Aggression and suicide Are they addictive, generally more psychological addictive then physical, however do have some physical. Can they cause psych disorders?Thought slightly cause of psychotic disorders or dementia, it is possible, at that place is a higher stake Main danger is the increase in teenage use, 1 in 10 have used in the last month, they be tacky, unaffixed to hide, dont realize the seriousness of the drugs. Are they treatable? N o med BUT treatment centers do treat. Usually go because of another drug. Change of lifestyle is important for treatment, no more raves or clubs it is easier to abstain. Controversy of Astatine in psychiatry, can fall apart for acute suicidal, immediate assistance. Can divert a lot of hospitalizing for suicidal ideation. Can be opening Panders box, mainly because of drug seeking. Inhalants Todd Clement, MD puerile and Adult PsychiatristInhalant abuse, 1000 commonly used househ gray-haired items also express mirth gas, sometimes even gasoline vapors Active ingredient is Talking, very damaging to the brain, very cheap to obtain or have somewhat the house. Dangerous for children How its D mavin -Sniffing (directly from container) -Huffing (soaking rag and then putting in mouth, socks, gloves) -Bagging (spray in bag then breath in) -Ballooning (in Balloon similar to bagging) -Spraying (spray into mouth into the throat) -Sleeking (spray it or pour it into cuff, and can use throughout the day) 12-17 largest users, 4th most abused substance (behind alcohol, nicotine, marijuana) in 4 High School say they have used, 1 in 10 8th graders have tried What made you start?A friend or older kid talked into it Latino kids particular at risk, and Kids that spend a lot of time home alone Children/teens dont usually note the risk Young adults also use, low social-economic status and less educated, may be because they are a cheap high Quick Drunk few seconds to get to brain intellectual Effects -Mood Elevation -Reduced Inhibitions -Excitement -Impulsiveness -out of Body experiences -Drowsiness/laryngitis -Dizziness -Slurred Speech -Balance Problems Dreamy stupor at high doses- violent or suicidal High lasts only around 30 minutes After use irritable headache degenerate DANGERS -Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome (Suffocation/Asphyxiation, displace 02 in brain) Asphyxia from vomiting -Coma -Seizures -Suicide -Brain Damage (brain uses 25% of 02 supply, cutting off even for a f ew minutes depart kill cells) Sends signal to heart, so increase Blood flow (increased HER and BP), olive-sized capillaries will pop from surge, then 3-4 cells die since that is the only feed for them.Outline Is the virulent substances, can destroy the mainline sheath, that helps it work eight, like electrical lines and there coverings, Brain looks like an MS patients, Can damage hearing visual sense and cerebellum (destroys balance) Nitrates sometime also toxic substances 12-17 brain still develops, so can derail developments Brain damage, hearing loss, sense of smell, damage speech, heart attack, malady/ Vomiting, Liver damage, kidney damage, Bad pain quickly, not Just 12-17 years old getting addicted, Dental Field or Anesthesiologist abuse nitrous, wide Term Effects Permanent Memory Problems, dementia at archaeozoic age, effects hippo-campus (helps consolidate memories) Tremors Balance Problems Emotional Instability Can it be treated, yes BUT, most treatment centers don l ike, due to failure rate, and long term recovery needs, really a gateway for other use How can I hold on my Child safe?Know what is in your house, keep it out of there reach and keep an inventory, educate your children of dangers, know what they are doing especially if they are home alone ALTO, know where they are spend their money Bottom line, know your kids and watch them Patient with problems, encourage them to get help, intensive outpatient treatment is good. How do I know if my child is utilize? Chemical odor on breath/clothes -Rags or nullify aerosol cans -Paint Stains on clothes/body -slurred speech/poor balance, appearance drunk -change in personality -Change in Grades Prescription Drug abomination Michael R. Eyeless, MD Eyeless and Crawford Consulting ACE Addictions and Recovery Series This is probably the one that goes to church on Sundays.

Nietzsche: Virtues/Life/Morality Essay

Nietzsche was a rum philosopher that had whatsoever very interesting ideas about batchs compassionate values and personality types. In the following passage from Nietzsche, ?. this is the image of whole manners, and from this learn the meaning of your life And conversely Read only your give birth life, and from this ascertain the hieroglyphs of universal life According to Nietzsche, I deem he meets that all morality is a manifestation of the will to power. race deform independence, personal dignity, self-approval and the will to succeed.For such people good refers to whatever leads to self-realization with values such as strength, courage, power and pride. This appeals to those who are uncertain of themselves. They define good as what makes life easier/safer, with such qualities as patience, humility, modesty and compassion. I agree and disagree with Nietzsche. He helps me understand my own life, in that I agree with the will to power. I am living proof. I motivatio n to be in charge of my future. I have goals in every(prenominal) aspect of my life that I want to fulfill, and without these goals there would be no motivation for life.Artists wouldnt want to be artists, scientists wouldnt care about science, and people wouldnt care about themselves. I also think we need certain virtues in order to succeed in fulfilling the goals destiny forth by the will to power. Patience, modesty, charity and compassion are some of the virtues that Nietzsche believes to be sour grapes. The moral that I think is sour is people who are not independent, look at others to follow, and that lack self respect. I believe that virtues such as personal power, strength, courage, pride, independence, and compassion, makes a person complete.However, this is humanity and in reality you can have these virtues and at the same succession stray from what you believe in. I think the key to life is to find who you are and to be happy. In todays society, it seems there are too many people who do not know who they are. People tend to follow the group, dress how everyone else dresses and listen to the same music everyone else listens too. This to me is wonky. The real root to power is within yourself. Life isnt as cut and dry as Nietzsche suggests. Life is too complex and the oral sex is a mysterious thing.Although the qualities and virtues talked about are ideal, I wish it was that im donationial to apply to a person. I think the persons surroundings, and any influences the person has had in their life plays a role. Unfortunately the environment plays a large part in the development in a person. However, I think its never too late for a person to change or find him or herself. In conclusion, Nietzsches philosophy really allows me to understand the meaning of life. Nietzsche did not believe in equation. It seems he rejected equality because he believed in the importance of individualism. Nietzsche gives me a good reason for life/existence.

A Study On Customer Attitude Towards Online Shopping

AbstractThe technical suppuration with pry to lucre has give outn a brisk dimension to marketing. Online nodes argon increasing and the virtual marketers realize the splendour of customer oriented approach. This online adeptness benefits the employrs to gain in depth information nearly the intersection point and to oppose and evaluate the crossways offered by different suppliers. To conduct an existential investigation a survey was conducted to collect data and was analyzed and interpreted apply SPSS.A questionnaire was genuine based on the objective of the body of work. The factors facilitating online obtain were measured on a five point Likert Scale. It was very go along from the news report that security was the important c at formerlyrn and the users also mentioned just closely the absence of fleshly handling of the products in online obtain. At the same time m whatsoever users felt that it was very favorable and comprise effective.IntroductionOnline obtain has been growing because of the technological advancement, lash-up, better purchasing electrical condenser and the availability of different search engines and easier payment modes. The availability of the quality of the information, different brands and products modify the customers to make a choice from a wider market. Customers come cross government agencys different types of risks in online obtain and they whitethorn not opt for net income marketing.With the advent of the internet , online shopping has gained immense popularity . The ease and convenience of shopping from anywhere in the world without having a physical visit to any shopping mall, has made online shopping or e-shopping an indispensable facility for legion(predicate) people.Internet marketing tools such as e-mail marketing, blogs, face book,twitter, MMS, SMS and intercommunicateisodes ( weathervaneisodes be created to enable the customers to visit the sites repeatedly and then converting them in to brand loyal customers) make it easier for the marketers to establish to their customers. They also combine the various marketing activities such as advertising, online campaigns and differentwise public relations to create product awargonness.In a constantly ever-changing world of today, where past is replaced by dynamic act and the dynamic present is replaced by more challenging future, the old ways of doing things is no daylong valid thus a new technology brings with it not solitary(prenominal) the potential for success tho if also a dear giveing , its value to its users, ultimate use and acceptability. The current situation of shopping is changing receivable to globalization, technical innovations and market saturation.The intensity of competition increases collectible to new products and run as well as the entrance of competitors from other industries. The perpetually growing knowledgeal standards and the opportunity to gather information induce long changes in customer behavior.Consumer attitude towards e-shopping is s a new st identifygic marketing and the information available influences customer attitude positively. The advent of entanglement technology constitutes a new medium of commerce which puts the customer in a position to directly and quickly interact with the web services.The empirical make will find whether online shopping will gain importance and its use will accelerate at a faster rate in the coming years. Thus the study concludes that the online shopping is more court effective and little time consuming. The study also confirms that there is a freeness and readiness on the part of the users to go ahead with such technological sophistications or improvements.However in certain respects the users felt online payments system lacks in security and it caters to the needs of the educated mass and felt that it may not be of any use where the physicalhandling of the product becomes important. A few users felt that shoppi ng means a family affair and a few felt that they enjoy their shopping with friends. In such cases e-shopping may not be too interesting under certain content of marketing. This study c everyplaces the key areas related to internet marketing and the customers attitude towards shopping using internet.Literature ReviewThe researcher has made an attempt to present the bedvasss of available studies which consists of articles and other research papers in the related areas. The study revealed the customers perceptions and characteristics that influences customers attitudes toward online shopping. An earlier study conducted by Ghose (1998) predicted that the internet may be an important channel for marketing. another(prenominal) study has revealed that the fear of security system in online shopping due to identification mental capacity fraud has been one of the major reasons for customers avoiding online shopping. (Ratnasingham 1998).A study by Palumbo and Herbig (1998) suggested that in coming years internet may offer comprise effective and sophisticated tools for online advertising, sales promotion and placing orders and communicating with their customers all over the world. The study of Walters and Lancaster (1999) revealed that the internet offers direct links with customers and suppliers and facilitates minutes processes and information conveyance at a faster step.Jayawardhena and Foley (2000) identified that convenience, site design and pecuniary security are the dominant factors in customers assessment of e- mirth. A study by Torre and Moxon ( 2001), concluded that galore(postnominal) companies have adopted internet for conducting telephone line transactions and sharing business information with their customers. The study made by Thomas S.H. Teo (2001) revealed the link sequence between the use variables such as age, gender,income, education and internet usage established the relationship of internet usage with respect to surfing , mailing, chatti ng and messaging.A study by Ranganatham and Ganapathy(2002) revealed that the gumshoety, security and privacy ofwebsites have a greater impact on the intention of the customers do go for online transactions. The just about important reason for internet users to avoid online shopping is its security. Keen et al (2002) found that demographic factors such as age, gender, education and income has a evidentiary effect on the attitude of the consumers towards online shopping and also revealed that educated internet users are more comfortable to go for online shopping. Benedict et al 2004 found from their study that the need to invoke, feel, smell or ability to try a product influences customers decision whether or not to shop online. One of the important reasons for which customers hesitate to shop online is that online shoppers are unable to touch the real products in order to evaluate the quality.Different types of online buyers have different evaluations of website design and web site reliability but similar perception of website security (Shegill and Chen 2005) . Nearly 70% of web users use internet for sending and receiving emails, surfing, chatting and messaging . India was ranked fourth later US, China and Japan in terms of internet users by information processing system Industry Almanac in 2005. A study by pitman and Bien profligate (2006 ) identified product delivery as an important factor that influences online customers ecstasy and future purchase intention.Online purchase intentions and influences of personal attitudes were similar for males and females. (Yu-Bin Chiu, Chieu-Peng Lin Taiwan and torsk Lang Tang ) Customers showed interest in products like cars, computers, mobiles apparel and also services such as ticketing, health management and tourism management. Approximately 10 percent of the worlds population use online shopping has been shown in Online Consumer Opinion Survey of AC Neilsen. Ebay Pay Pal has been established as pay sources fo r various online purchase that includes air , cartroad and movie tickets , electronic items and apparels Taylor Nelson Sofres refers in the Third Annual Global E-commerce report that e-shopping in India includes a variety of products such asbooks, apparels and electronic items.Factors including competitive cost, better customer service and other demographic considerations have helped the marketing industriousness to soar upwards to greater heights. The development of information technology and the ripening of the communication network has opened new horizons in the world of marketing . This has enabled the customer to accede into a new technological development called e-tailing. This e-shopping enables the customer to benefit from the family of information , product comparison, cost effectiveness and various other offers from its suppliers and thus making a better choice of product.Research ruleologyA pilot study was conducted among cardinal people consisting of neighbors, st udents and colleagues to evaluate how well the questionnaire was shut in and understood.Sampling DesignThe sample has been taken only from the IT industry and the education sector since they have the prior knowledge about internet shop. A sample size of 240 was considered for the study. Respondents were call fored by purposive and convenience sampling method for the study. The study uses exploratory research design and analyses the uncreated data to show customer attitude towards online shoppingThe primary data has been quiet through a self administered and structured questionnaire. Questionnaires were given to different age group of people ranging between the age group of 25 to 50. The questions were framed in view of the main factors like hostage, Reliability, Quality and Loyalty. The variables were measured against a five point Likert scale.Following the literature review Questionnaires were developed based on the literature to determine the behavioral mold trance purchas ingonline. The questions were knowing and presented in two different parts. Part I comprised of the respondents personal basis such as age, gender, educational qualification , occupation and income per month. Part II enabled the respondents to furnish the factors that influenced them to buy the product online.The questionnaire was developed based on the observations of the researcher, review of the literature and consultations with the people on the same area of interest. The variables used in the study is also based on the review of the literature and the researches do by other researchers. The research objectives of the studyTo analyze the customer behavior pattern in on line shopping To understand the relevance of online shopping for retail products and services. To understand the views of the respondents about the retail and service industryStatistical AnalyticsData in this study were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 19.0) and Amos (Version 19) . Factor synopsis is used to identify the load variables to the factors such as Security, Reliability, Quality and Loyalty. move on these factors are analyzed to identify the inter relationship among the factor using the path analysis.Data Analysis Frequency table of demographic profiles Table 1 AGE Age GroupMale Female 25 304838 30 353930 35 403217 40 451908 45 500603 Total14496Table -2 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION EducationMale Female UG7342 PG4124 PROFESSIONALS2116 RESEARCH ERS0914 TOTAL14496Table -3 HOUSEHOLD INCOME PER calendar month IncomeMale Female Less than 10,0002416 10,001 20,0004237 20,001 30,0004825 30,001 40,0001813 40,001 & above1205 Total14496Table -4 FREQUENCY OF USERS Frequency of usersMale Female Daily3728 deputy days5134 Once in a week3823 Occasionally1811 TOTAL14496Table -5 ONLINE SHOPPING EXPERIENCE AND SATISFACTION quenched with online shoppingMaleFemale Yes10258 No 4238 Total14496From the Tables 1 5 the quest inferences were observed. Out of th e 240 respondents men accounted for 60% and women accounted for 40% of the total respondents . Out of the 240 respondents the age group between 25 30 years epitomizes 36% of the respondents and the age group between 30 35 represents 28% of the totalrespondents Out of 240 respondents, household income per month of Rs 10,001 Rs 20,000 represent 33% of the respondents and income of Rs20,001 30,000 represents 30.4% of the total respondents.Out of 240 respondents holding Post graduate and above degrees represents 52% of the respondents and professional degree holders represent 15% and researcher scholars include 9% of the total respondents. Around 87.5% of the males use online services at least once a week while 88% of the females are online service once a weeks. About 71% males experienced satisfaction in online shopping while 60% females experienced satisfaction in online shopping.Hypothesis testing The pastime are the findings of the hypothesis testing using chi-square through S PSS. Result 1 There is association between age and online shoppingResult 2 There is association between monthly family income and online shoppingResult 3 There is association between relative frequency of internet use and online shoppingResult 4 Educational qualification and online shopping are relatedAround 82 % of the respondents felt that internet shopping was available 24&2157 and it could be done from any place. They also expressed the convenience of position delivery at a cheaper price. A few respondents felt t hat it enabled them to engage themselves in other activities while shopping since encompassing information was available online in different fields. However around 78% respondents felt t hat the payment gateway is not conceptive and they were under constant insecurity of their credit card information beingness hacked.They also said that it lacks the physical touch of the product and thus they were unable to judge the quality of the product. A few respondents felt that the absence of neighborly interaction made online shopping a less interesting way of shopping. A few elders felt thatthey didnt have a credit card to use the internet shopping. One should accept the fact that though e- shopping is slowly increasing in India it doesnt keep pace with the increase in global marketing.Many Indian customers do not use internet market due to their fear factor and the apprehension about the quality of the goods that they may receive. With increase of the secured payment gateways and the use of SSL ( Secure Socket Layers) which enables a prophylactic transfer of private documents via internet may allow the e-marketing industry to flourish in the coming years.2.3 Factor AnalysisThe following table shows the various variables that were considered in the study. Table 6Q1I practice the brand of the product Q2Novelty and innovation in the product Q3Delivery of the product is shipped to a wrong destination Q4My credit or debit card information can be mis used Q5Product delivered on time Q6Shipping cost and FOB are clear Q7On line transaction is interrupted due to virus contagious disease Q8Product quality cannot be judged without physical touch Q9Extensive information about the product Q10Payment process is not safe Q11After sales services are not keep Q12Goods delivered in good form Q13Online customer satisfaction Q14Product packaging Q15Lack of knowledge about the stock in hand Q16Wider range of product line Q17Duplication of transaction due to network failures Q18Home delivery Q19Price list and discount offer are clear Q20Availability 24&2157Table -7 KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..837 Bartletts Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square3709.515 df190 Sig..000The KMO measure of sampling shows that 84% infers that the sampling procedure is good and this leads to factor analysis.Table 8 Extraction Method Principal office AnalysisQ210.894964 Q110.883193 Q1010.826436 Q1310.813798 Q1210.807486 Q14 10.798794 Q1810.788084 Q1910.766677 Q910.751079 Q1110.74923 Q1610.726154 Q1710.69611 Q810.670899 Q1510.657976 Q510.649796 Q2010.573682 Q410.560741 Q610.478726 Q310.439737 Q710.434629From the scree plot we confirm that the four factors Security (F1), Reliability (F2), Quality (F3), Loyalty (F4) can be formed.Table 9 cistron 1234 Q11.772 Q8.755 Q12.753 Q5.744 Q17.685 Q10.666 Q4.661 Q7.656 Q15.639 Q3.607 Q6 .830 Q20 .787 Q9 .779 Q16 .582 Q19 .568 Q13 .876 Q18 .814 Q14 .789 Q2 .930 Q1 .924 Table 10Rotated Component Matrix(a)Extraction Method Principal Component Analysis. whirling Method Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a Rotation converged in 8 iterations.Table -11 Transformation MatrixComponent1234 1.795.494.342.085 2-.420.404.198.789 3-.097-.450.887-.044 4.427-.625-.241.608 Extraction Method Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.Path Analysis diagram is drawn and from the diagram it indicates that the variables are factored as follws.This diagram shows that in Factor 1 Security the following variables are identified. Q17Duplication of transaction due to network failures Q10Payment process is not safe Q4My credit or debit card information can be misused Q7On line transaction is interrupted due to virus transmission Q15Lack of knowledge about the stock in hand Q3Delivery of the product is shipped to a wrong destination Q11After sales services are not maintained Q8Product quality cannot be judged without physical touch Q12Goods delivered in good condition Q5Product delivered on timeThe following variables are identified by Factor2Q16Wider range of product line Q19Price list and discount offer are clear Q6Shipping cost and FOB are clear Q20Availability 24&2157 Q9Extensive information about the productThe following variables are identified by Factor 3Q13Online customer satisfaction Q14Product packaging Q18Home deliveryThe following variables are identified by Factor 4Q1I trust the brand of the product Q2Novelty and innov ation in the productScope for further Research and prompting Several types of viral marketing can be studied with relevance to viral marketing for retail products in India. This study is restricted to Chennai and it can be further extended to other metropolitan cities as a comparative study for future research.ConclusionThe study revealed that the customer were more willing to use internet for the services rather than the products. Most of them were content with rail date through online however a few felt that booking air tickets were little more expensive since the travel agents were able to give better competitive ticket fare. The study also revealed that internet is less time consuming and more cost effective. Many were of the opinion that while travelling to new places they were very comfortable to find the details of places, readjustment and food.They were also able to make a better choice by comparison the prices offered and the kind of the service provided. Even though in many hospitals online booking was available many felt that it was easier to call and fix up and appointment rather than doing it thro online. However they felt that many foreigners take up the treatment by using the internet. People were also keen on placing orders for health care products like Amway. Another factor that influenced the buyers was the physical touch of the product.Though there may be a larger range of products to select from, the n on disclosure of all the information about the product may pose a threat to the web users. Moreover the browsing speed, connectivity , power shut down and other technical problem may further crb the growth of internet marketing. The most important factor that prevents the growth of the online marketing is the safety and security .The fear of their debit/credit card being misused and the lack of information posted in their respective(prenominal) web sites post a major threat for the customers. A The online transactions doesnt allow for a so cial network or a pleasant family outing and in practice the vistas of the customers is to shop with friends and family and such an expectation may not be fulfilled in online shopping.SuggestionsBrands should monitor the net income for unlicensed use of their brand names. The companies should have policies and procedures that enable them to remove the web sites that violate the copyright laws. They should also educate their customers about the risks of buying from unauthorized sources and should have a consortium to report suspicious goods and sellers.