External and Internal Environmental Analysis of Bayou Inn Essay - 3

External and Internal Environmental Analysis of Bayou hostelry - Essay ExampleSuccess in the hospitality industry can only be achieved if a company models its vision argumentation to locate the customers it intends to provide services (Briggs, 1999). The vision teaching must be brief, clear and concise. It must indicate the public direction the hotel aims to head, while capturing the dream of the founders of the company. Therefore, the recommended vision statement must highlight the high regard in which customers be held by the employees, management and shareholders of the hotel (Briggs, 1999). In the case of Bayou Inn, the vision statement can highlight how the production line intends to look in a specified duration of time. In such a scenario, the capturing of Bayou Inns aspirations occurs. An analysis of vision statements of the biggest hotels in the hospitality industry indicates that these statements capture the aspirations of their founder for example, Conrad Hiltons vis ion statement for the Hilton chain of luxurious hotels, To achieve extraordinary things, you must first dream magnificent dreams (Briggs, 1999). Therefore, an example of Bayou Inns vision statement could be, Taking care of you by giving you a home when you are away from home (Briggs, 1999). The mission statement is considerably different from the vision statement in that it provides a description of what the organization intends to do after reaching its target mark (Briggs, 1999). Druker (1954) explains that the mission statement outlines the aspire of an organization by providing realistic and clear business objectives. Drucker also emphasizes that the customers rely on the mission statement to figure out the services it provides (Briggs, 1999). Rarely do people look at the statutes, articles or name of an organization to determine the role it plays.

Critical Thinking Week 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical Thinking Week 5 - Research Paper ExampleThe downsizing was managed successfully in a way that job cuts were necessary and it was in the employees best interest to consent a buy out for their job. Events to handle the situation were what had to be done and managed in the best manner. The management leading up to the downsizing could have been handled better and prevented such a large loss. Challenges still go forward in the auto industry in the sense that the auto industry has a lot of devising up to do. Since filing bankruptcy, consumers and employees raise no longer put their trust in the industry.The Force battleground analysis website shows great tools that can be utilize to change initiative. The tool could be used in a change initiative at work for many different scenarios. The tool would be used during a strategic analysis project. A rise analysis could be performed and used as a tool to analyze whether or not there is more or less opposing forces for the chang e. The SWOT analysis will show strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. These different areas can show where there is the less resistance and the most(prenominal) intensity. This can be very beneficial to changing initiative in the work place and can apply to many

International information an E business strategies Assignment

International information an E work strategies - Assignment Example mesh network architecture involves the use of architectural techniques in the country of mesh networking technology. There are divergent components of the internet network architecture and technology. Client. Comprises the physical devices much(prenominal) as computers, mobile devices and notebooks that are linked to the wireless network area. Satellite. A satellite is used in the detecting and distribution of signals everywhere the network. Network adapters. These are used to set up or configure the internet technology in the operating system. Examples of network adapters for accessing the internet are LAN cards and modems. Routers. Transmit entropy from one place to the other in the form of data packets. Access points. Transmit data between wired and wireless technology. . Bridges. Used to establish connections between wired networks such as Ethernet and wireless networks such as LAN. Act as points of contr ol in the network architecture. The use of electronic communications changes market place trends. Businesses will rush to adapt to emerging trends of marketing. Social networks such as Facebook and YouTube are preferred over search engines due to the interactive nature with the clients. Environmental scanning has a role in influence the current chore strategies (Kalakota & Robinson, 2010). It gives an overview to the organization on the current technological innovations, impact the information will chip in on the society, cultural and economic factors of a country as well as international contributions. An online grocery is segmented into various portions. The customer segment comprises existing and newfangled customers, web-savvy and non web-savvy, specific needs customers, and those that are in different... E- Business is a concept that describes the arrangement organizations redesign to incorporate internet services in their business structures, processes and services. It e ntails the use of electronic devices in the processing and sharing of data to ease interactions with systems and services.Entrepreneurs are faced with finale making challenges resulting from increased globalization, rapid technological challenges and competition. As a result, new knowledge creates a emulous advantage.Entrepreneurs gather information from the external environment and interpret it through organizational learning to improve paradox solving. The external environment ranges from the task environment (competition, customers, and suppliers) to the general environment. To realize the full benefits of the internet, organizations need to reinvent their business processes to incorporate the rapidly changing technology. The assembly of computer hardware in computer networking is called computer architecture. Internet network architecture involves the use of architectural techniques in the field of internet networking technology. There are different components of the internet network architecture and technology. An online marketplace is segmented into various portions. The customer segment comprises existing and new customers, web-savvy and non web-savvy, specific needs customers, and those that are in different demographies.

Marketing Health Intervention in Hospitals General Medical Services Essay

Marketing Health Intervention in Hospitals common Medical Services Ltd - Essay ExampleIn the general area of commercial market, market is very much considered as an exchange between marketers and consumers that aim to satisfy consumer needs and maximize the return on investment for shareholders thus, there is an inevitable and omnipresent tension between marketers interests and those of consumers which cause the basis for polar positions on the morals continuum of marketing practices. It has also been observed that placing consumers interests against those of marketers on the ethics continuum may be too simplistic, because it may predicate that marketing is a zero-sum game and reject the possibility of a win-win outcome both marketers and consumers may form their perceptions of the ethics of specific marketing scenarios according to ethical principles such as rights, justice, fairness, and equity in numerous cases, marketers and consumers agree on the ethical evaluations of c ertain marketing scenarios and raise no ethical concerns. From a different point of view, marketing has been characterized as a social process by which individuals and groups obtain what the need and essential through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Moreover, traditional marketing has been divided into four segments denominated as the place, promotion, product, and price. Referring to health care, marketing concerns access place- the ability of a patient to get into the health care delivery transcription as well as the location where health care goods and services are sold

What good in TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What good in TV - Essay ExampleFirstly, tolerateing TVs makes people smart and improves on their memory, especially the fictional movies which upgrade imagination among viewers (Frings, Mader and Hll 2010). This is because viewing TV series such as fringe or prison break does call for a great deal of thinking and concentration in wander to understand what is expiration on. Moreover, TV are good source of fun, for instance, reflection TV shows like conscionable for Laughs Gags, sports and shows such as American Idol, ensures that somebody is entertained making TVs a source of happiness.TVs have too helped us to learn about different cultures and places, considering that due to reasons of time and money most people are not in a position to travel to various places to appreciate different cultures and practices (Steuer and Hustedt, 2002). However, TV opens up the world and through watching documentaries we are able to learn about different cultures. In addition, TV encourages so cial interactions since it can often give people with little in common topics especially relating to programs expose and News to talk about. In recent times, TV has started to air How-To programs through which one can really learn how to do many things like cooking nutritious meals.TVs also enlighten people when they watch the National Geographic and the History Channels, and at times, this can be as informative as going to a encyclopaedism institute (Steuer and Hustedt, 2002). TV is now being used more in learning institutions since it has been confirmed that pupils recall and understand better than from regular lessons. Finally, televisions make family links stronger for families that watch Television programs in concert often find something to talk about, and this helps to strengthen family ties and eases tension that could be there between family members.In conclusion, watching TV has many benefits to the modern society since apart from the educational and moral

Darwin Natural Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Darwin Natural Selection - leaven ExampleAs the paper highlightsone of the issues that creationists and individuals that believe in intelligent design point to as a shortcoming of natural selection is with respect to those organisms or systems that are highly complex and in which partial inadequacy of function would preclude natural selection. One such system would be that of the forgiving eye arguably one of the most complex mechanisms that exists within nature. However, Darwin, and those that support him would point to the fact that the pick out to see would be evidenced through many of the different states of eyesight that exist from the most elementary caterpillars to the most advanced mammals. Although it is true that the theory itself exist on something of an extension basis, the understanding and believe that the inclemency and truth of the statement ultimately exists as a function of its existence, there are a outlet of moral parallels and understandings that can be con structed via immoral understanding of specifically what Darwins theory entails.This paper outlines thatwithout the 4 a higher power, morality and another itself is constrained only with regards to the way in which humanity seeks to bargain for morality within the current context. In other words, natural selection in and of itself is a act upon by which furtherance of species is sure by the natural and blind process that nature engages to select those which depart most likely carry on genes further the process of reproduction.

Principles of Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Principles of Microeconomics - Essay exemplificationThis will create imbalance in the economy hence may yield in a shortage of consumer veraciouss. Question 2 opportunity cost means the best substitute given up in order to produce more of other type of goods. As more of one good is produced the opportunity cost to produce it rises (Sloman). Each time we make a choice to do something simultaneously we are eliminating the choice of an alternative good. Moreover, if a country is producing more of one good it has to sacrifice incessantly increasing amount of the other. The reason for it is difference in factor of yield. Production factors may suit production of a particular type of good and shifting resources to production of other type of good would result in increasing opportunity cost. For example if government decides to build a shopping mall rather of hospital, the facilities and health care provided by that hospital is given up or forgone. Question 3 remove is standard deman ded a change in quantity demanded occurs when there is movement along the demand fold with respect to legal injury and quantity. It usually stems from a change in the outlay of the product. An increase in the price causes spileward movement along the demand kink up leading to an increase in the quantity demanded whereas a lessen in the price causes an upward movement along the curve causing a decrease in the quantity demanded. ... It is important to note that this causes a total change in the range of price and quantity combinations. Price D1 D2 Quantity Question 4 An economic residuum is located when demand and cut of the commodity in discussion meets (Sloman). This pourboire is said to be the optimum level of functioning point in an economy because all the stakeholders are able to achieve their objective of buying and selling their goods at their desired quantity level. However, economist work hard to reach this point since much(prenominal) an equilibrium is theoretical. counterbalance would only be achieved at a point where demand and fork out curves intersect. Moreover, any point on a lower floor or above the equilibrium will either create excess demand in bailiwick of low price, or excess supply in case of higher price. The gap in supply and demand will exist in the short term. However, as sellers and consumers readjust their sell and purchase habit, equilibrium will be reached eventually. Question 5 If the technology to produce pagers improves it will push the supply curve to the right and there will be an increase in supply of pagers, meaning that for every price, the quantity supplied will increase. If the prices of cellular phones drop, the aggregate demand for pagers will decrease because cell phones are an alternative product, move the aggregate demand curve to the left, meaning that for every price, the quantity demanded will decrease. Both these factors shall bring down the price of pagers down by a significant level and make pagers much cheaper. Certain products stand a very limited supply and an excessive demand, such as the superbowl tickets. The price elasticity of such products is extremely low as people are willing to pay more than the

Multi scale modeling of complex neuronal networks Essay

Multi scale feigninging of complex neuronal networks - attempt ExampleFor the numerical simulation, MATLAB was used, with the simulation being discretized in time with a step size of star quarter of the frequency for a progressive visualization of the pattern, (606).The results of this simulation indicate that the induced activity of the sparsely distributed cholinergic neurons within the dorsal striate body leads to the identification of surrounding n-cells. The single-pulse activating induces abrupt spread and declining of spikes. The model used reveals characteristic pattern formations respective to the morphological structure of the activated cells. The figure basically shows the spacial pattern formation within the dorsal striatum of rats as a result of the cortical activation of cholinergic neurons. The distribution of active neurons is indicated by color pink while the distribution of inactive neurons is shown by color grey. The pink coloring is an indicator of the initia l activation of the sparsely distributed cholinergic neurons. This can be shown by Fig 2a. On the other hand, the grey coloring indicates the ongoing inactivation process throughout the structure. This can be indicated by Fig 2d. Therefore, this figure presents the induced activity in the dorsal striatum of a art as a result of cortical activation of cholinergic neurons,

Role of the FBI in the United States Criminal Justice System Research Paper

Role of the FBI in the United States Criminal Justice System - enquiry Paper ExampleMoreover, the FBI may also conduct investigations abroad but only if possible and if permitted by the government of the country in which it will conduct its investigation. The main concern of the FBI and the core of its mission is providing turn justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners (Overview, 2012). This means that the role of the FBI encompasses and overlaps that of any law enforcement agency of the United States provided such(prenominal) a case is of a federal or national concern.The history of FBI began in July 1908 when then lawyer General Charles Bonaparte called for a footling group of investigators that will report directly to the Department of Justice. This small group became known as the Bureau of Investigation or the BOI, and the first types of cases handled by the BOI included make for fraud, copyright violations, prostitution, auto theft and other less serious crimes. In World War I, president Woodrow Wilson ordered the BOI to include among its tasks he investigations of possible espionage, sedition and sabotage. In 1924, when the BOI was under Director John Edgar Hoover, on that point was intensive demand for strict professionalism within the organization and this system of discipline has been implemented until now. In 1935, the BOI was renamed as the Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI, and it was then that its tasks included the investigation of kidnapping cases and the new training provided for FBI officials to carry weapons and make arrests. In the 1950s, the FBI became very active in the suppression and control of riots and organized crimes during the polite Rights Movement. However, it was only in 1995, after the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center, that the FBI began its work against domestic and international act of terrorism for the purpose of national security of the United States. In December 2004, the DI or Directorate

Infant Mortality in Maryland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Infant Mortality in physician - Essay ExampleAccording to reports, Maryland is considered to bind the highest house master income of any other US State garnering a GDP of at least $68,080 in the year 2007 which notes the capability of the community to handle the financing needed to complete the projects and programs needed to be provided to the society. ace of the most important doers considered in community health care issues is the factor concerning mortality rates. This issue is much intertwined with the health care provisions that topical anesthetic governments are able to provide to their territories of concern depending on the population rate of the tail end (Johnson, 2005 Internet). Certainly, when it comes to smaller resigns, this issue is given a high regard as it in addition determines the capability of the local government to give the needs of their people. When it comes to mortality rate issues, this mainly concerns the ability of the states to hold their capabilit y on providing community health care especially to the newly born. From this point, it could be accepted that this factor could also patron evaluate the strengths and the weaknesses of the local government of the community in providing ample support to the healthcare needs of the complete society.In this regard, the infant mortality rate of Prince Georges County in Maryland shall be examined to be able to bank bill the problems and the weaknesses of the community health car... Certainly, when it comes to smaller states, this issue is given a high regard as it also determines the capability of the local government to give the needs of their people. When it comes to mortality rate issues, this mainly concerns the ability of the states to hold their capability on providing community health care especially to the newly born. From this point, it could be accepted that this factor could also help evaluate the strengths and the weaknesses of the local government of the community in prov iding ample support to the healthcare needs of the entire society. In this regard, the infant mortality rate of Prince Georges County in Maryland shall be examined to be able to notice the problems and the weaknesses of the community health care provisions in the said place as they are marked by health statistics to be among the counties having the lowest mortality rates in the linked States. Background of the IssueThe drop-down of the infant mortality rate in Maryland determines the need of the said state to improve their health care facilities as well as their health care processes. It has been mentioned through reports that in the year 2000 that the infant mortality rate in the said county has dramatically fallen down to as low as 7.4 deaths in every one thousand live births (HD, PGC, 2003 Internet). This decline of infants life interbreed stretches to both the white and the black communities of the said state. Because of this situation, an issue against the healthcare processe s practiced within hospitals in Maryland specifically in Georges County has been questioned as to how the healthcare givers are able to apply the right procedures in freehanded care to the newly born babies. Among their concerns, also include issues on giving proper

Feminism in Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

womens lib in Film - Movie Review ExampleThe first is a romantic comedy dramatic play flock in stylized candy colors with serious underlying tones. The second is a realistic drama that is serious and heavy from the get-go. But both speak volumes on fe priapic oppression and the primacy of the male inspect in film and popular culture.Laura Mulvey (1990) has come up with the theory of the male gaze, a theory that visual pop culture is tailored around pleasing the heterosexual male dish and satisfying his desire for pleasure. Says MulveyIn a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its day-dream onto the female figure, which is styled accordingly. In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for vehement visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote looked-at-ness. Woman displayed as sexual object is the leitmotif of erotic spectacle from pin-ups to striptease, from Ziegfield to Busby Berkeley, she holds the look, plays to and signifies male desire.This paper will explore dickens movies where the issue of sexual roles, and the objectification of women, come into fore. These two movies are But Im a Cheerleader and Boys Dont Cry. ... The film is a virtual(prenominal) commentary on stereotypes and the deleterious effects of stereotyping.For instance, the evidence used to demonstrate that Megan is a lesbian or has lesbian tendencies is the fact that she is a vegetarian, the photos she keeps of girls, and a displayed poster of Melissa Etheridge, known to be a festive icon admired and loved by lesbians. Equally disturbing are the activities they are made to allow at the camp. For instance, they are bombarded by images of women acting tasks that are stereotyped as being for women and men performing tasks that are widely regarded as being for men. What this does is that i t pigeonholes women and relegates them to certain roles in society, and conveys the message that they cannot nurture dreams that defy favorable conventions or venture beyond the parameters that have been set out for them. In effect, this supports the theory of the male gaze, for in fact, these roles and these boxes have been created by a largely patriarchal and heterosexual society, where women are judged according to the yardsticks set up by men. The attractiveness of women, for instance, is judged through male lenses. If a woman behaves in a fashion disapproved by men, then she is castigated, or in this case, called a lesbian. For example, the lead characters abject refusal to make out with a male character in the movie, Jared, is perceived as a deviation from the norm. This springs from the assumption that women jump at the chance to make out with men. The look and feel of the movie is very cotton-candy. There are copious hues of game and pink. This suggests that the director is using color to further emphasize the point on stereotyping. Deep blue is

Literature Review on Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

literature Review on Digital Economy - Essay ExampleExperts report that during the time of introduction of this rooster to the world, policymakers explored the possibility of IT making a large impact, but in vain. This failure of IT became reinforced again in the 1990s, when IT began to alterationize the world parsimoniousness but again plunged into disaster with the dot-bomb implosion, the 2001 recession, and the NASDAQ collapse. These disasters have led to experts and policymakers forfeit authority in the concept of IT and digital revolution. Nicholas Carr (2003, pp. 10) evaluated this technological tool by claiming that the improvements that it had the potential to bring ab push through had any already been introduced, or were in the process. This statement represented the prevailing view of IT at that time, as heap had started considering it insignificant for individual firms as well as the overall economy. This conclusion was a premature and mistaken one as the technolog y went on to completely revolutionize the economy much more than initial prediction. This literature review aims to analyze the reasons behind this faltering confidence during these times. As one can come upon in the world today, digital development in the economy is at a level that far exceeds earlier forecasts. However, contrary to predictions, this revolution has not come about due to a rise in e-commerce and other internet-related phenomenon. Instead, the main factor behind this revolution was the way people have managed to adopt IT in almost every aspect of life, inside as well as outside work. This digitally enabled economy was then able to achieve immense growth and prosperity in every aspect education, business, trade, as well as monetary policy. One large factor behind this accelerated growth was the enthronization that firms made in software, hardware, as well as services related to IT and communications. It boosted productiveness up to quint times more than other capi tal such as buildings and plants could. The large role of IT in this major(ip) economic development is apparent in the fact that sixty-seven percent of total factor productivity growth during the period of 1995 and 2002 was due to IT implementation in the US (Jorgenson et al, 2005). It also boosted the labor productivity in developing nations, and it is considered the main driver behind innovation and productivity growth in the recent years. notwithstanding the major contributions of IT to the economy, not much research has gone into exploring the depths of this contribution. Through this literature review, we attempt to carry out this exploration. More specifically, we will be looking into the contributions of IT in improving the quality of goods and services. A common misconception is that the electron orbit of digital economy is limited to e-commerce. Its actual scope includes all applications of technology in the economy, including that of hardware, applications, and telecommu nications. Each of these tools of IT has big applications in areas such as intercompany transactions, data management, internal processes in organizations and vendor-customer relations. These benefits apply to firms regardless of whether they belong to the common sector or the private sector. The revolution to the economy that information technology has brought about is comparable to the revolution that hardened steel brought to the industries a century ago, when it taught them how to construct steel tools that helped boost productivity immensely. Furthermore, it is difficult to cargo deck the true pervasiveness of IT in the world. It not only exists in technological

Barriers to Citizenship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Barriers to Citizenship - look into Paper ExampleIn Canada, the 2009-2010 citizenship tests turn in been used to evaluate citizens movement in various interior(a) settings. Such tests can be used as a tool to formulate public policy. In this context, the Canadian citizenship test has become a tool for naturalization as well as inclusion of various races into a singular national identity. In Britain, the naturalization process has been used as a tool to control immigration (Paquet 243). The American Context of Naturalization Process The road to getting American citizenship has largely got evaded from the inspection of legal experts. Scholars and policy makers have non given due attention to it on the cross-roads of two overdue issues of U.S. citizenship that it has not been tackled efficiently, and that in no circumstance, it has been a smooth process (Spiro 1). The first line has been neglected due to the emerging proofs of a heightened difference between citizenship and aliena ge. Leaving aside the issue of vote and a reducing count of public sector jobs, for decades it has been difficult to differentiate the status of legal citizen aliens in U.S. society. Things changed with the implementation of the 1996 welfare legislation, which decided the criteria for critical federal benefits available on citizenship only. The process of naturalization got a unique revival with the severe amendments in the federal immigration law. The period of mid-1990s observed a say increase in the number of naturalization applications (Spiro 1). Thus, after decades of negligence, the issues pertaining to naturalization and citizenship came to the political limelight. Academics have taken the glimmer by writing on citizenship issues. The reinforced attention given to citizenship issues lacks the direction for the criteria of naturalization process. The second gravelly detail of citizenship has acted as a backstop to the revision of the first. Citizenship rank may now be even tful, but if citizenship is easily attained, then the process of acquiring it is of little value. The traditional wisdom greatly rests with the concept that U.S. citizenship is not exclusive, and that the bridge to naturalization is not unattainable. Actually, not going with the traditional wisdom, and adhering to the premise that naturalization needs compel barriers for the applicants to naturalization. Being both a historical and current issue, a large number of naturalization applications have been rejected, causing loss of benefits to be accruing from citizenship (Spiro 1). A big rush was seen in citizenship applications in the mid-1990s to verify notable reasons including, such as the outcomes on IRCA law, fear of inability to avail public benefits, and impact of citizenship outreach programs. Applicants seemed very glowing to attend English language classes. With the provision of Amnesty under IRCA, it initiated quick rush for citizenship after seemly eligible but it did not materialize in proficiency in the English language or the naturalization process. The public rush to sustain for naturalization was because of not loosing benefits attached to citizenry. Applicants were more interested to apply to ensure their participation in day-to-day American life, to offer sponsorship for the immigration of relatives, and to guarantee a smart career for their children. The leading recognized barrier was total expertise of the English language. The most dependable sozzled to facilitate naturalization in the 1990s

Movies and cultural influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movies and cultural influences - Essay illustrationWith the sudden urbanization on a large scale, the ordinary factory workers in the city became psychologically isolated, though they were in the midst of a huge mass of urban population. This situation was further exasperate by the arrival and assimilation of a large number of immigrants, most of whom were not English speaking, and from a different cultural background. With time and money at their disposal due to the rising affluence, the urban workers compulsory to find avenues for entertainment. They still could not afford to attend entertainment shows such as music performances, discipline plays etc.The invention of the moving picture towards the end of the nineteenth century, suited this read perfectly. This amazing transmutation captured the imagination of the common man. This medium had several advantages over other forms of entertainment. It was cheap. It could be copied, transported, and staged simultaneously at several places. Initial silent pictures had no language barrier, and hence had a universal appeal. The earlier movie producers, mostly jews, Italian or greek immigrants who could not get in the mainstream industrial workforce, but were up to now hungry for success, utilized these advantages to attract a huge audiences and make maximum profits. Nickelodeon theaters, with shabby place arrangements at heart, and crude and gaudy posters outside, sprang up throughout the cities and even countryside. Some owners included vulgar and objectionable centre in their movie shows. The dark environment inside the theatre was also found to foster unsociable and immoral activities. Cultural traditionalists saw, in this movement, a potential to corrupt the minds of the young generation and a curse to the moral society. This commercial amusement activity was directly in contrast to playgrounds, libraries, school recreation centers, church building sponsored recreation, which were considered to be the conserving moral agencies of a respectable society. Large scale criticism of the uncontrolled commercialism, as regards to movies, in the end led to stricter theater regulations and even a temporary closure of all the movie houses in natural York in 1908.Susequently, the movie men fought and won legal battles with the administration against this action, but with a clear message, that nearly form of regulation was needed. The first comprehensive law in the United States, regulating movie theaters was enacted in 1913, banning objectionable content such as vaudeville acts, enforcing the provision of better amenities inside the theaters etc. Movies and advertisementThe success of the industrial revolution, which started around the middle of the nineteenth century, was a collective outgrowth of several factors acting simultaneously in a complementary manner. The practical application of technological innovations, same(p) telephony and telegraphy, effective use of electricity develo pment of transport systems, and development of mechanized assembly lines greatly helped the economic growth of the American society as a whole. This further fueled the demand, not provided for technology based products by the industries, but also for consumer based products and services by the masses. The Cycle of demand and growth prompted the manufacturers towards large scale production of goods. At the same time, these manufacturers had to compete with each other for maximise their market share in the fully

Hostile Takeover Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

contradictory Takeover - Research subject Exampleer owns a substantial block of targets stock commonly referred as the foothold block that can demonstrably afford to finance a offensive offer for curtail. Hostile dodder may require making merger to gain total control of the targets assets this is accomplished once the bidder has purchased a majority voting stock (Anderson, 2006).Hostile tenders are known to engage been around for decades however they remain rare. The adoption of the second generation of state-level antitakeover laws that was applied between 1987 and 1990 provides an exogenous plus in the cost of hostile takeover, which go hand in hand with a natural control sample of sample of states that did not pass such laws. Additionally, the effectiveness of these laws is criticized by the question of how frequent the takeovers may be. Hostile takeover has been criticized using stakeholders model which is able to predict hostile takeovers as cause for the redistribution rather than the generation of wealth. Managers find out that the gains that are made by shareholders accrue from greater capability in the management of assets rather than income transfers (Anderson, 2006).Hostile takeovers can be regarded as a mechanism both(prenominal) for raising shareholder value and for enhancing the efficiency of the corporate system as a whole. However this hostile bids has two major effects, the first effect is that the threat of an unwelcome bid served to improve the performance of officeholder managers made to align their interest much completely with the shareholders. Secondly, with hostile bids, even in unsuccessful seat they tend to induce corporate restructurings which in turn freed up productive resources to be reallocated and be more efficient hence useful elsewhere in the economy. Corporate managers have secrecy over gravid structures choices this is evident as the firms founding shareholders cannot write a comprehensive contract specifying al l future financial backing decisions. However, capital

The conventions of the horror genre to create a vision of Victorian London Essay Example for Free

The conventions of the evil genre to create a mess of strait-laced London EssayRobert Louis Stevenson uses the conventions of the horror genre to create a mint of London in the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde to great effect. Stevenson uses all the different conventions of horror together to create a sad tale of good an detestation, and incorporates the features of mystery, crime and decease, disbelief and atmosphere.One of Stevensons most effective themes in Jekyll and Hyde is the use of mystery. Stevenson asks and sets up countless questions throughout the novel, still answers only a few. This means that the endorser is continually having to answer questions for themselves, notwithstanding before you meet come to a conclusion, Stevenson has set out an new(prenominal) for you to try and answer. The first question, iodin which lasts throughout the novel, is the background of the char defenders and what has happened in the past between them.At first Stevenson gi ves a small comment of Mr. Uttersons appearance and close to of his background Mr Utterson the lawyer was a man of rugged countenance, and his few hobbies, except belittled background information is given about any of the characters. Utterson, Jekyll and Lanyon all seem to be close friends at the start, but throughout the novel Lanyon and Jekyll grow apart as Lanyon discovers the truth about Jekyll. Lanyon also says that what Jekyll had been anterior to this had been unscientific balderdash, and that Jekyll had begun to turn wrong in mind. This shows that Lanyon model that Jekyll may uncover something untoward.During the novel we argon neer actually told what Jekylls plans are, but we are able to assume that something extraordinary and peculiar is about to be revealed. We cheat that he is a doctor, but no specific information on what the areas of science that he practices in are, what he has achieved to make him so burning(prenominal), and what his current areas of work ar e. The Victorian audience at the time would have thinking that Jekyll may have been doing something wrong ever since the mention of the door being connected to Jekylls house, as body snatchers brought dead bodies to scientists through secretive measures so that the scientists could do medical experiments. They may have thought that at the time, but is not something that comes to mind for the upstart day reader, as this is a very noble-minded event in modern times.One of the largest unanswered questions in Jekyll and Hyde is what was Sir Danvers Carew actually doing on the night he was murdered. We get the impression that Carew was intending to meet Hyde, but no definitive answer is given by Jekyll as to what both Hyde and Carew were doing there in the first place, and why it was necessary for Hyde to kill him. Carew was meant to be a genial and well respected MP, but we never know what he was doing in that disreputable part of London in the first place.As is normal in a horror n ovel, the use of crime and devastation is staggeringly prominent in Jekyll and Hyde, with the whole novel and interest in Mr Hyde beginning with a horrific act of violence. Mr Hyde is walking through London one evening, when he and a little girl ran into one an opposite. This though is not the horrifying part, as after they had collided Mr Hyde trampled calmly over the childs body. Mr Hyde casually walks off, and justice is only make when Mr Enfield chases after Mr Hyde. If it had not been for Mr Enfield, then this hideous crime would have just occurred, and nothing would have been through about it.As it is, Mr Hyde pays the girls family a sum of one hundred pounds so that his name does not drop dead disreputable. Possibly the most disturbing thing about this incident though, is the fact that Hyde shows no remorse for what he has done, and all that he cares about is his name and whatever honour that he may have had, which lav also be said for many people in both Victorian times and modern day. Appearance and reputation is the most important thing, what is on the outside, yet their secret and evil side that is on the inside is overlooked.Another terrifying theme is the death of Dr Lanyon. At first Lanyon is describe as a hearty and healthy man, who has a boisterous and decided manner. This though changes drastically as the novel unfolds. He is said to have grown brainsick, and he was visibly balder and older, yet this has only happened over a short period of time. We know that Lanyon has discovered something terrible about Jekyll, and that he is quite done with that somebody. We subsequent find out what it is that Lanyon had found out, the terrible truth behind Jekyll, and his true feelings which are disclosed in Doctor Lanyons Narrative. Lanyon is so distraught after finding out the truth, that not only his mentality suffers, but his usually small physical state rapidly deteriorates and is shortly followed by his death.A different looking of crime that is connected with Jekyll and Hyde is homosexual blackmail. Although Stevenson never specifically mentions homosexuality, it is fair to say that it is what the reader is meant to believe and if he had talked directly about it then he would have been thought of badly when it was first published. In Victorian times homosexuality was a crime, and was thought of a lot worse then than it is now, and it would have been thought that Jekyll was being blackmailed by Hyde and that he was homosexual. We find out that this is not the case, and that Hyde is in fact Jekylls evil side.As well as Lanyons death, there are also a number of other deaths. The first of these, Sir Danvers Carew, is described asSuspense is a very important horror them in Jekyll and Hyde, as it incorporates lots of other themes, and is what makes any horror tosh terrifying. Suspense is a build up of lots of different things, and the excellent use of atmosphere and mystery is what makes the novel so terrifying. Probably th e greatest cause of suspense is that the reader only finds out the truth about Jekyll and Hyde towards the end of the novel. Mr Utterson is used as a cipher, as the story is told with the reader only finding out what Mr Utterson finds out. The reader is gradually able to piece bits together from what Utterson uncovers, but as facts are rarely given, only opinions, nothing is ever particularly clear.Due to all this individualized opinion, we are unable to tell what is fact and what is just incorrect and what is just incorrect personal opinion. end-to-end the novel we just get given what Utterson thinks and knows, and even with Lanyons and Jekylls statements, we are still unable to tell what is the truth, as both narratives contradict each other. Lanyon describes Jekylls transformations as horrific , yet Jekyll says that they are . Either way, the thought of the evil side of someone taking over their body is horrifying, but with this varying of opinions it leads us to think what oth er things described are inaccurate.Atmosphere and the descriptions of London used by Stevenson are very important aspects of horror in Jekyll and Hyde. It shows the importance for all of the different aspects, as they all closely link together. The atmosphere that Stevenson creates builds suspense and adds mystery, and the eerie atmospheric descriptions are metaphors for the crime and death that goes on throughout the novel.One of the most important descriptions of London and the positioning of places is Soho. In Victorian times Soho was an extremely disreputable part of London, and crime and indecent activities were widely linked to this part of the city. That is why it is strange that a place like Soho was positioned in the middle of the supposedly respectable west side of London. This is the same as with Hyde, as he is a bad and disreputable person among a group of important and well respected people.Throughout Jekyll and Hyde Stevenson uses vivid descriptions of the city of Lon don to impersonate the eeriness of the people and events that occur. He regularly talks about the fog and mist that hung over the city, which some may say was because of the huge industrial changes that Britain was going through, but after looking deeper into the story you plunder tell that this is not the reason, and that Stevenson is cleverly using the idea of physcogeography.When bad and mysterious events are happening, this is shown in the die hard and atmospheric descriptions that Stevenson uses. This is excellently shown by The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city, and a pale moon, lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her. Both these descriptions of London are implying that the city is dead, but this is only a metaphor for the terrible events that are happening in the city. The import quote occurs when Poole and Utterson are preparing to break into Jekylls cabinet, which is shortly followed by the death of Hyde and Jekyll. The first is shortly afte r the death of Sir Danvers Carew, and illustrates the feelings of the characters being described, in this case Utterson and Mr Guest.From Jekyll and Hyde we can tell that all of the different conventions of the horror genre are required to create a truly terrifying novel. Stevenson uses these conventions to create a vivid and horrific vision of Victorian London, with not only its physical description but of the people inside it. Mystery, suspense, crime and death and atmosphere are all incorporated and closely joined to create a truly gumption chilling horror novel.

Acquisition Strategy Essay Example for Free

Acquisition Strategy EssayIn todays market it is very serious for caller-outs to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a partnership can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is aspect to save money by stealing less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the devil products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value.This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. whizz way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good preference for companies that are looking to stregnthening the companys competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The realize of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership.In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it come up Fargo Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis well Fargo Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bond paper out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargos competitor. afterward the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion.Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowe d the company to grow even in these tough economic times.Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the wink largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a huge time partner of DuPont, is a very good and be company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear draw in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This labour will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human universe of discourse in the years to come.Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The app lications do not need to be double overd, message their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will encourage create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to write in code new product categories, for example 65% of Daniscos revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items much(prenominal) as sweetners and enablers.This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel.

Sports Utility Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Sports Utility Vehicles riseThe paper referred to with this text is the one entitled Sports Utility Vehicles The real cost of power, and the intention in this register is to endeavor to explain the order process and what I personally learnt from that process as it applies to this paper. In revising the paper, apart from the obvious spelling, punctuation, grammatical and referencing corrections, I also needed to look at the hypothesis, structure and bank line basis. There were two reasons for this.Firstly, revision is necessary to ensure that the research and conclusions reached are in accordance with the principal(prenominal) theme of the paper, and that it does non raise additional points, which claim been left, unanswered. In the respect of the hypothesis question, upon reviewing my work I strand that it was necessary to revise from the original, as this was not concisely presented, nor were the original boundaries of the question defined in a manner that was easy to f ollow. It in that locationfore needed to be more clearly defined. Similarly, from the structural aspect, there was a need for this to be reorganized.In its initial format, some of the points portrayed in the paper were not organized in a manner that clearly led the reader from one to the next, creating what might have appeared to be a disjointed approach to the subject. Clarity was also one of the reasons for the revision. In parts of the paper, it was found that points were made for which there was no supporting evidence, or the relevance of those points to the hypothesis were not connected properly. During the revision of the work, these points were revisited.In most cases, it was possible to offer up further clarification, which addressed the issues. However, it was found in one or two instances that further research was necessary to either support the point raised or re-analyze it. The other aspect of the original paper that did require revision was that of the citations and quotations. In some original cases, these did not provide ease of access for the reader and would have reduced the apprize of the paper as a probable research document. Some of the references were too vague and in other instances, references and bibliographical connections were missing.I believe that the value that I personally gained from the process of the revision of this paper will benefit future research and other work that I undertake. I learnt the importance of being able review work in an quarry manner, questioning the arguments raised in an effort to seek their relevance to the issues being addressed and the hypothesis itself. In addition, I learnt that the style of writing and the structure of the document, in terms of both the sentences and the ordered manner of presenting points raised, ingest a significant difference to the clarity of the document and impacts upon it knowledge value for the reader or student.As a result, I believe that the revising of the SUV paper will provide me with the ability to produce a better standard of work in the future. It will also enable me to improve my knowledge and phylogeny skills.Work CitedAnon (2006). Revising the draft. The Writing Center, University of North Carolina. Retrieved 6 December 2006 from http//www. unc. edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/revision. html

Stress - Inform Speech Essay Example for Free

Stress allege Speech EssayFirst, Ill talk about near of the reasons for tension. Although Im sure that on that point are many everyone here probably has their own reasons, Im going to stick to common chord main reasons that you ignore probably relate to. The first one is the amount of schoolwork. College discount be so demanding due to such a heavy workload that were expected to keep up with. Its so easy to get overwhelmed. We energise projects, tests, papers, exams, midterms, finals, co-ops. Stress can easily build without a erect strategy of tackling these assignments.A second reason is pressure to do well. Pressure to do well can come from within. Thats the inner drive, that inner motivation pushing you to succeed. Most here desire to do their best and to get good grades. The Methods of Healing website conducted research and found that 71 percent of college students say that their grades lead a direct effect on their level of seek. Pressure to do well can simila rly be external. Thats your family, your friends, your coaches, your t separatelyers, your professors. Everybody who wants to see you succeed.Wanting to live up to the high expectations that they place on you can be pretty nerve-wracking. A tierce reason is change in environment. at present this may alter some of us more than others, depending on if youre from Rochester or not, but going away to college marrow leaving behind everything thats familiar. Your close family, theyre not with you. Your friends, theyre not with you. Some students have never been away from home which can be a difficult ad preciselyment. Then, once youre here at RIT on that points social acceptance, peer pressurethese are issues we may face since were in a new environment.Wanting to fit in can be a repugn and often is. Now, lets recap the three reasons we talked about. First was the amount of schoolwork, second was pressure to succeed, and third was dealing with a new environment. Now that we know the three reasons, lets examine some tips to help reduce the stress. There are five simple things we can do to manage our stress. I created an acronym to help me memorialize the tips. The word Im using is relax R-E-L-A-X. Well go over each letter one by one. The first letter, letter R, stands for Recognize.We have to recognize the source of our stress forward we can cover up it. Once you realize why youre stressed, why not keep a journal? Write down everything that you feel. Writing makes you feel more relieved and allows you to pinpoint any trends in your stress. The second letter, letter E, stands for Exercise. Incorporating exercise into your daily human action motors your mind off of problems you may have, and not to mention, its good for your body. So create a routine. Set aside quantify for exercise.Set aside time for classesfor studying, for homework, and then schedule in downtime for yourself. In the end youll feel slight overwhelmed. The third letter, L, L stands for le t it go. Think about the stressful situation. Will it military issue in five years? Will it matter in ten years? If it will matter, take a deep breath and address the stressful situation piece by piece and step by step. If it wont matter in five years or ten years then let it go. Stressing over small things is tiring and unnecessary. The fourth letter, letter A stands for Attitude.When you talk about school do you say things like, Ugh, Im gonna fail, or That test was so hard I bombed it, Im never gonna learn this material. If you do that may sound pessimistic and doubtful. You can self-reflect and adjust your stead. According to a 2005 Stress Management article, universe optimistic and having a positive outlook has a direct connection with how we feel, even with how well we perform. Now the last letter is X. Youre probably wondering what word I came up with to start with this, so I cheated a little bit and it stands for eXtra sleep.All students need sleep for energy. Are you no t getting enough? Go to the letter Rrecognize why am I not getting enough sleep? Maybe its because youre hanging out with your friends until two, three, four in the morning. Why not cut down that time? You can still hang out with them, just not as long. Maybe youre not getting enough sleep because you have as well as much homework. You pull an all-nighter, cramming for an exam, up till 5AM. Why not make a better schedule? And then stick to that schedule. Dont procrastinate.When you map out your time and you stick to a routine youll realize that you have enough time to get everything done, even sleep. In the end well be less frustrated when we get the sleep we needed. Another interesting point that I found is that all stress is not bad. Distress is bad stress. Thats what weve been focusing on in this speech. But then theres also good stress, thats called eustress. Eustress comes from excitement or adrenaline. But, to focus on managing our negative stress lets try to remember all of the tips and the word relax.R, recognize where the stress is coming from and address it. E, exercise daily. L, let go of minor problems, dont worry about it. And A, adjust your attitude and be more positive. And X, get eXtra sleep. In conclusion, we cannot ignore the fact that stress occurs in our lives. careless(predicate) of the reasons we have to manage it one way or another. Above all, from my speech I hope you take away useful tips to deal with your stress so that college is more enjoyable. Even if you cant remember what each letter stands for, do just what the word says, and relax.

Causes of Tension Between Cuba and the United States Essay Example for Free

Causes of Tension Between Cuba and the get together States EssayOn January 9, 1959, following their successful overthrow of the oppressive Batista regime, a cast awayd of freedom fighters, anchored by Fidel Castro, marched through the Cuban capital city of Havana. Upon his arrival, Castro immediately seized control of the Cuban administration and declared himself the highest administrator of the island state of matter, Premier of Cuba. In April of 1959, Castro visited the bring together States in order to gain support for his policies in leading Cuba. The majority of Americans warfaremly embraced Castro, assuming that this charismatic leader would guide Cuba to democracy (Cuba). Some Americans remained cautious in judge Castro, however, mainly disturbed by his previously demonstrated socialist sympathies. In the following month, Americans were given reasons to begin anti-Castro as the Premier took hold American owned sugar plantations, Cubas multi-national companies, and the nations petroleum holdings (Cuba). By the end of 1959, the nation began to show signs of Communist inter-group communication. Communist affiliated groups took control of the nations phalanx, bureaucracy, and labor movement, and Soviet interest in the island increased.In February of 1960, Anastas Mikoyan, vice-prime minister of the Soviet Union, came to Cuba. . . . A major topic of the meeting was the Soviet Unions leveraging of Cuban sugar and the Cuban purchase of Russian oil (Franqui 66). Following the meeting, the Soviet Union entered into a trade agreement with the USSR, causing the United States to drastic aloney limit the import of Cuban sugar into the nation. In response, Cuba nationalized all remaining American properties and negotiated an spread out trade agreement and loans with the Soviets, causing the United States to break all diplomatic relations with the country (Cuba). originally the end of 1960, the USSR had begun sending military aid to the Cubans. (Cu ba)The U. S. politics was by now convinced that Cuba had become a Communist state (Dolan 92-93). The falling of Cuba into a Communist regime proved extremely important to the U. S., primarily due to Cubas proximity to the United States, only 90 miles. In addition, there were reports that the Soviet Union think to make a staging base out of Cuba for thecommunization of the other Latin-American countries and rumors that construction projects in spite of appearance Cuba appeared to be designed for launching missiles (Rivero 170). To stop the spread of Communism in the Western Hemisphere, Americans felt that the islands government had to be toppled (Dolan 93).Upon hearing from Cuban exiles that a great deal of unrest had been present on the island, capital of the United States saw the conviction as ripe for an invasion attempt (Rivero 183). The U.S. government put the Central science Agency in charge of plotting the attempt, along with souricers from the Pentagon. The goal of the CIA-planned attempt would be to mask American involvement in the coup, so that the United States could not encounter accusations of illegally endangering the sovereignty of an established foreign government (Dolan 93). The plan entailed using Cuban exiles to carry out an ascension, seemingly attempting to liberate their country.Following the proviso of the invasion, the CIA apply their Guatemalan bases in training 1,300 exiles (Dolan 93). bare-asss of the supposedly secret plan leaked to Castro, who accused Washington of planning the worst sort of intervention in the islands aff denudates and damned the United States for dropping the attitude of disinterest it had long professed in regard to Cuba (93). The Premier put the islands defense forces on alert and ordered them to educate and be ready for an attack. On March 29, 1961, President John F. Kennedy gave the CIA permission to proceed with the launch the Cuban invasion. Changes were made to the plan however, the most importan t beingness the ban of U.S. air support of the campaign, excluding air attacks on three Cuban air bases (Rivero 184). Along with the ban came the necessity of a simultaneous mass uprising by the Cuban people (184) without mass popular support, the invasion was doomed to chastening.Two eld prior to the invasion, B-26 bombers attacked three crucial Cuban air bases, San Antonio, Cubas main base, Camp Liberty in Havana, Castros main headquarters, and the military airport at Santiago de Cuba (Rivero 184). A second wave of B-26 strikes was planned as tumefy, but was called off by President Kennedy, who was suspected to have felt that strong U.S. participation would threaten a war with Russia (Dolan 95). The cancellation of the second group of air strikes left Castro with one-third of his airforce and the goal of destroying the entire air force unfulfilled.Two days after the air strikes took place, some 1,500 CIA-supported Cuban exiles landed near the bay of Pigs. The men were accom panied by old, unmarked American B-26 bombers that dropped leaflets urging the Cuban people to rise against Castro and join the attack force (Dolan 93). The invaders assumed that the leaflets would draw the widespread support of Cubans unhappy with their government. In the three days in which the people would supposedly aid in holding off Castros forces, the invaders were to set up a provisional government and appeal for American help. From there, the United States would recognize the provisional government and intervene in overthrowing the Castro regime (93).The CIA plan assumed excessively, mostly due to the optimism derived from the agencys previous successes in staging coups in Guatemala and Iran, and all of the invasion plans resulted in complete failure The expected assistance did not come from the islands dissidents. On being hit by Castros air force, the attackers asked that U.S. Navy jets be sent to help them. The planes, however, never appeared, due to the Kennedy-issued b an on U.S. air involvement (Dolan 95). After two days, Castros forces had thoroughly suppressed the attack, killing 150 of the men, and capturing approximately 1,200 of the attackers (95).According to the authors of Cuba and the United States Troubled Neighbors, Kennedy had never liked the idea (Dolan 95) of an American-sponsored invasion of Cuba, mostly due to his precept that it would undoubtedly fail. The plan had been created under the Eisenhower administration, and Kennedy had little input in its creation. Nevertheless, the President allowed the invasion to occur, and despite his ohmic resistance to the whole affair, he accepter full responsibility for its failure because he was in office at the time it was staged (95). While Kennedy had been assured that the plan he approved would be both secret and successful, he discovered too late that it was too large to remain secret and too small to gain ground (Wyden 310).Kennedy was greatly upset by the failure of the invasion, and h e held himself personally responsible, for both the lives of the men who died as well as for the 1,200 men whom his government had helped send to their imprisonment (qtd. in 310). Kennedy viewed the failure as the ultimatefailure of his career (310), and from the defeat, his prestige suffered a severe blow (Dolan 96). About a year and a half(a) later, however, he was to regain that lost prestige (96), in his impressive handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. kit and caboodle ConsultedCuba Exhibit History. The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. 2001 .Dolan, Edward E., and Margaret M. Scariano. Cuba and the United States Troubled Neighbors. New York Franklin Watts, 1987.Franqui, Carlos. Family Portrait with Fidel. New York random House, 1984.Rivero, Nicholas. Castros Cuba An American Dilemma. New York Van Rees P, 1962.Sierra, J.A.. Timetable History of Cuba After the Revolution. 27 Aug. 2001 www.historyofcuba.com/history/timetbl4.htmWyden, Peter. Bay of Pigs The Untold Story. New Yo rk Simon, 1979.

Of personality, perception and attitude Essay Example for Free

Of mortalality, perception and side Essay all told references material has been cited from the books the University of Wales online library. Any opposite net income source quoted is with the permission of the module tutor. NA Are the references in the text in the proper coiffe as indicated in the Guidelines to Writing Assignments Yes Declaration All material written in this assignment is my stimulate and I have not used any material, content or information of others claiming them to be mine. wherever materials have been used, proper citation has been d oneness in the text. I am fully aw atomic number 18 of the rules and regulations disposal plagiarism.Should at any point of time my work be suspected/investigated and established to have been plagiarized, I am aw are of the consequences. I have read the Students Handbook in detail. ___________________ skin senses of the studentDate 24-08-2010 Introduction This assignment is dealing with the Development of temper, perce ptions and attitude. This will help to understand how the employs and customers thinking, that helps us to nurse remunerate finale and to develop our business. Also by this we can make our personality and attitude in the correct way.Analyzing a case study of Sayyeds is in any case included for analyzing and discussing his personality and attitude in his certain(p) spiritednesstime. Explained the relevance of set and beliefs in Organizational life and also if the determine/ beliefs can be changed is also included in this study. Attitudes in Organisational Life The grandness of attitude of the individuals in an organisation is tremendous. A humanity resource manager must be able to get word, categorize and mould attitudes as far as possible. The employees come from different social and financial backgrounds.Even if two the great unwashed belong to the same family, at that place can be a big difference between their attitudes. The way a person performs a task may differ acc ording to the type of attitude he possesses. What is attitude? First of all, let us try to understand the importance of attitude in an individuals personal life. An attitude means a positive or a negative evaluation of some object a thing, a person, a place or an environment. A person can be ambivalent towards an object by possessing both a negative and positive attitude.It is totally upto the individual to decide what his attitude towards life should. There is also scope for change in attitudes. The right type of learning at an first age can lead to tremendous changes in attitudes. For a person to be triumphful in his personal and public life he should adopt the most balanced attitude positive at the right time and negative at others. In an organization too, the employees attitude is very historic. Compared to ones personal life, an employee has to interact with numerous other employees to achieve an organizational goal.If, for example, an employee who works in a restaurant h as a negative attitude towards selling energy drinks and while others are strongly adjunct of it, he may have unnecessary fallout with them. Attitudes can be changed using two tools command and Experience. The basis of this statement is that our attitudes are based on some sort of belief. We shape our beliefs in the course of our lives and we may grow biased against something due to this belief. Research suggests that attitudes can be changed by adjust and modifying behaviour.If employees of an organization are made to repeatedly greet their customers with a smile, the employees may indeed think that be friendly with customers is very of import. Through education, employees can be alerted of their negative attitudes and the right attitudes to be followed in a situation. Employees can also be provided with attitude changing put through with which they can think in a new and positive way. The fact around an organizational life is that, there are rules which are set down in an organization which have to be followed.Under such a circumstance, an employee will make a definite effort to change his attitude sooner or later, instead of suffering consequences. In the case of Sayyed, it is quite evident how his attitudes towards certain objects like his parents and education took a looping turn as a result of various events in his life. He was very much usurped to his mother at a very young age. But his failure to get through medical entrance in Poona, sent him spiralling into a situation of apathy and self ridicule.He started hating his parents for not having money to get him a seat in a medical college. He started fighting with them and started demanding money incessantly. He wanted to contend from the truth that only he was to be blamed for his failure. His attitude towards education too underwent many changes as a result of other failures and disappointments in life. He was exposed to a different atmosphere when his arrive got a better job in Poona. Thoug h their family could afford little luxuries like cinemas in the weekend, his aim forced him to study.Sayyed purposely stopped studying in retaliation to his father. Further on, his very bad surgical operation in his S. S. C. Exams led in shattering his ego, and for a very long time he had an nonmaterial attitude towards education. Importance of set in an Organisation Compared to attitudes, set are a little to a greater extent constant. It is something we acquire at a very young age and we go to carry it on passim the rest of our lives. It is usually something taught to us by our parents, our elders, our teachers, our spiritual leaders or some profound experience in life.Values may pertain to friendship, helping others, hard work, honesty, conservation of money, hospitality etc. All our day to day decisions are centred on our determine and beliefs. Our attitudes are also shaped by our determine and beliefs. What exactly are our values and why are they so significant in an org anization? Values are principles, standards, or qualities you consider worthwhile or desirable. Values will vary greatly from person to person because they depend on ones personal judgment. They are the foundation of much of our psycho- fashional makeup.why we act the way we do, why we talk the way we do and why we react the way we do is all dependant on our values. Our relationships, our choices, our behaviours are all shaped by these values. Even though these are invisible to us, these still affect every aspect of our life. An organisation too has a set of values, which are usually a prominent piece in its marketing or advertising content. At the outside, these values may seem to be very altruistic, just now the truth is that the organisation may sidetrack from these values time and again for personal benefit.Even at a smaller level, which is at the level of an employee, values claim a very major role. It decides how the employee works, takes decisions and measures success. Organ izational values establish standards of behavior, which serve to encourage or discourage certain behaviors. In other words organizational values help people to identify priorities at workplace. Putting the values in writing is important and more important is to create rough-cut understanding of the values in the organization. Leaders must clearly communicate why the value is important for achievement of goals.The credo statement clearly articulates organizations responsibility towards each of the stakeholder. In Sayyeds case, we may be able to a core set of values that has helped him make judgments and take decision in his life. A lot of his decisions and his general outlook were based on a small disaster in his childhood, the one about the Californian grapes. This incident led him to understand the importance of hard work. This also made him give priority to being successful and famous. It made him feel that going to the US was important for a mans success.His ultimate aim for an extended period of his life was to go to the US, though he never made it. He never experienced the play of luck or receive in his life. A lot of incidents happened not as a result of his own doing. Failing to recognize this, he blamed himself and the people around him for the consequences. Wading in the disappointment, he never made an strain to revaluate his life or to stand back again. But the childhood values of hard work and success were always buried in his psyche. These values sprang up as soon as he conjugated for B.Sc, consequently after facing a failure in Poona. He got his admission in XLRI, but was rejected admission in UCLA, California. By that time, he had gained some emotional maturity to understand that this was a tremendous success and not a failure. Various Theory of Personality The more we understand about personality, the better able to judge what motivates people and our self. The more we understand about our own personality and that of other people, the bet ter able to realize how others perceive you, and how they react to your own personality and style.Used appropriately, psychometrics and personality tests can be hugely beneficial in improving knowledge of self and other people motivations, strengths, weaknesses, preferred thinking and working styles, and also strengths and preferred styles for communications, learning, management, being managed, and team-working. The ability to adapt or hire into play different personal styles in response to different situations is arguably the most powerful might that anyone can possess.Understanding personality models such as the Four Temperaments is therefore of direct help in achieving such personal awareness and adaptability. Understanding personality helps you recognize behavior and type in others and yourself. Recognizing behavior is an obvious pre-requisite for adapting behavior in yourself, and in helping others to adapt too. The Four Temperaments also known as the Four Humors, is ques tionably the oldest of all personality profiling systems, and it is fascinating that there are so many echoes of these ancient ideas found in modern psychology.The Four Temperaments ideas can be traced back to the traditions of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations oer 5,000 years ago, in which the health of the t startk was connected with the elements, fire, water, earth and air, which in turn were related to body organs, fluids, and treatments. Some of this thinking survives today in traditional Eastern ideas and medicine. Four Temperaments earliest origins Ezekiel c. 590BC Hippocrates c. 370BC lion downright blood cheerful ox sturdy black bile somber man humane yellowish bile enthusiasticeagle far-seeing phlegm calm Four Temperaments or Four Humors, The words in this framework (from Hippocrates onwards) can be seen as possible describing words for each of the temperaments concerned, although do not attach precise significance to any of the words they are guide only an d not definitive or scientifically reliable.The correlations prior to Hippocrates are far less reliable and included here more for disport than for scientific relevance. In Sayyeds case, we may be able to a core set of values that has helped him make judgments and take decision in his life.A lot of his decisions and his general outlook were based on a small incident in his childhood, the one about the Californian grapes. This incident led to a group in four temperaments. Conclusion By this assignment we can conclude that about the importance of Developing the Personality, Perceptions and Attitudes, and the ways to develop that. Also this report went through the relevance of attitudes in Organisational life that helps to run a company. Then it explains about the relevance of values and beliefs in Organisational life.

Pollution and How It Affects Elements within an Environment Essay Example for Free

Pollution and How It Affects Elements within an environs EssayThe Earth is entirely surrounded by a blanket of origin which is called the earths atmosphere. The atmosphere allows human, plants, and all the earths creatures big and small to exist. The atmosphere protects the earth and without it the heat from the sunlight would burn all that is exposed to its rays, and we could be frozen by the low temps at night. Gas, particulate matter, odors that take up been introduced into the air by mankind or nature can destroy the natural balance, this is pollution. There ar Primary pollutants and Secondary pollutants, which we will be covering in this presentation, when pollutants be introduced to/in the air, it travels very intimately and spread as come up, since we breathe in air, we cannot avoid these toxins or pollutants. The efforts on solutions to the problems regarding pollution has, and will remain to be an issue due to mankind disrespect towards mother-nature.We as human beings breathe in an adjudicated 20,000 liters of air each day meaning that the more polluted the air is, the more we in hale into our lungs the barbarian chemicals, in London of 1952, The Smog Disaster, claimed the lives of four- thousand bulk within a few age mainly due to the towering levels of concentrations of pollution. In March of 2011, an earthquake in the sea of the coast of japan also known as a Tsunami, the sea level rose and waters flooded the polish damaging four of the six reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, which can be located on the BBC website.The biggest lifetime jeopardizes were seen in humans exposed were in the infants, compared to children and the adults. Females who exposed to radiation from this incident which was found in a report that a four pct make up above the lifetime expectancy, were at risk of solid tumors and a six percent increase above that said to be expected of knocker cancer. Men/male exposed to the radiation as inf ants were expected to have seven percent increase risk of leukemia above that expected on the normal population.The highest risk was noted in thyroid cancer, as for the infant girls, they were estimated to be up to seventy- percent than expected over a lifetime. (BBC website /news/health- 21614722). The World wellness Organization (WHO) experts confirmed that there is a slight increased risk of different cancer types for those people who were exposed to the radiation, including people residing in this area and employees of the plant.Air pollutants come in the form of gases, particles, and chemicals released into the air, motor vehicles are a major air pollutant, the use of one full commuter bus is equivalent to twoscore cars driving through your neighborhood. Vehicle exhaust contributes to roughly sixty-percent of all carbon monoxide emissions (discharge) nationwide, and up to ninety-five percent in the cities.Air pollution may contribute to asthma and allergy by corrupting protec tive(p) jail cells in the human body that tones down immune system reactions, the pollution components seem to also increase overactive immune warriors already connect to allergies that actually require no prompting. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the reaping of burning of fuel in diesel engines, furnaces, wood fires, wildfires, and barbeque grills. A new study through by researchers found that children exposed to these high levels of PAHs had poor functioning T-regulatory cells (peacekeeper cells), which normally keeps immune caused inflammation down.Kari Nadeau, a biochemist and physician at Stanford University, held a study on the effect of air pollution and these PAHs, she and some colleagues obtained filiation samples, took in lung function readings, and recorded health information from 153 children at the age of four-teen in Fresno, CA. She sampled airborne PAHs to estimate rates of exposure due to Fresnos high rate of air pollution levels. Kids with a high ex posure made higher amounts of Immunoglobulin E and showed low rates of T regulatory cell function than those exposed to lower levels.It is said that air pollution may harm populations in shipway so subtle and slow that it may have gone undetected, these reasons research is being done to contain the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low levels of pollution-what some may experience as well as to determine the interaction between air pollutants in the body, nutrition (physical factor), stress, alcohol, smoking (tobacco), and medicines. It also has been linked to defects in birth, cancer, and genetic mutations. The Montreal Protocol of 1987required that developed nations signing the accord not to exceed 1986 CFC levels. some(prenominal) more meetings were held from 1990 to 1997 to adopt agreements to hurry the phasing out of ozone-depleting substances. Pollution is known to cause holes in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica and the Artic. Depletion of the ozone layer can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, create damage to crops and plants as well as causing skin cancer and cataracts.

The Sin Tax Bill How Its Affect the Bar Industry in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

The Sin Tax Bill How Its Affect the Bar persistence in the Philippines EssayIn 2011, there was a valuate increase on alcoholic beverages. The tax increase depended on the alcohol content and the net retail toll of the beverage. This however had little progenyant on bars/pubs in the Philippines because the tax increase was not significant. Many consumers did not feel the worth change too much because of the relatively high mark-ups at bars/pubs.PROSPECTSIn 2011, the Philippine judicature was reviewing a bill which proposes to increase alcohol and tobacco plant taxes quite significantly in the Philippines. If the bill is passed, this may negatively impact sales in bars/pubs in the Philippines. The higher prices of alcohol may result in less alcohol consumption by consumers when they dine-in at bars/pubs.INTRODUCTIONMANILA, PhilippinesA blaze tax on cigarettes and alcohol dampened the New Year subtracty spirit when it was introduced in the Philippines Tuesday, as part of a government bid to boost finances. Many stores started selling tobacco and drink at high-sounding prices before midnight, ahead of the official implementation of the tax hikes on January 1, 2013 hitting partygoers in the pocket. Tax on cigarettes will gradually be conjure upd to P30 ($0.72) per pack by 2017, roughly doubling the current price to around 52 pesos. Duty on alcohol will also increase gradually until 2017, increase the price of a bottle of beer by 23.50 pesos, with varying levels for other drinks including wine and spirits. It will be provided increased by four percent each year thereafter. The new prices compared to countries like Singapore, for example, are put away low, but for the ordinary Filipinos they are expensive, said Laudemer Angeles, a 33-year-old shop owner in the town of Bacoor, south of Manila.Many of my customers were complaining about the higher prices and were not too happy when they bought their booze and smokes for their parties last night. Ant i-smoking prospect Emer Rojas said he hoped the new taxes would lead to a gradual decline in the number of mass suffering from tobacco-related illness. I think the sin taxes should even be raised higher, he told AFP. But we remember President Aquino for showing his resolve in signing the law. The government has said that the country of 100 peerless thousand thousand has the highest incidence of smoking in the region, with tobacco-related diseases costing the country P177 billion ($4.3 billion) last year.The new taxes aim to raise P33 billion ($800 million) this year alone, gradually increasing over the coming years. A large percentage of the capital will go towards the governments healthcare program. The government first asked Congress to raise taxes on sin products as early as 1997, but a strong lobby by tobacco manufacturers stifled change. The lobby included members of Congress representing tobacco-growing regions as well as powerful cigarette companies that enjoyed one of th e lowest tobacco taxes in Southeast Asia. Published on Tuesday, January 1st, 2013Link http//www.euromonitor.com/cafes-bars-in-the-philippines/report http//newsinfo.inquirer.net/333451/philippines-sin-tax-introduced-dampens-new-year-fun

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Essay Example for Free

Two or More Theories of the Formation of Romantic Relationships Es adduceOne possibleness of the formation of a romantic kin is one put forward by Byrne and Clore called the reward/ hire satisfaction model. They suggested that we abide relationships long term because we find them rewarding, or we dont like the anticipation of world alone. The rewards from a partner bay window include friendship, love and sex, or the particular person is associated with enjoyable situations so then we want to spend time with them and form a romantic relationship. This coffin nail as well as include the satisfaction from a relationship with a person of high social status, as it would represent you look secure to other(a) people. These needs can differ from person to person as to what is grand. Rusbolt and wagon train Lange argue that rewards be important as when you do non know someone well conference can start on a tit-for-tat basis with favours that can lead to to a greater exten t conversation and rewards. This was called by Clark and Mills and exchange relationship as a relationship like this goes on it can forge to a Communal relationship where rewards are given as a result of concern for a partner which can be an important aspect of forming a close relationship.May and Hamilton tested the good association part of the theory by getting assemblages of female students to look at pictures of male students and say if they like the look of them or not. One group looked at the pictures while pleasant music was cosmos played, another group looked while unpleasant music was being played and a control group looked with no music. As predicted the group with pleasant music rated the male students the highest. This model may be very(prenominal) culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western worlds individual cultures.In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be simply giving, or arranges marriages will as well go against this t heory as the long term is made to happen. It suggests that these relationships are in all probability to be formed where partners pull together each others needs even though they have different views about when this becomes important. It is argued that long-term happy relationships have needs met while unhappy ones have unmet needs, this was said by Smith and MackieAnother theory is the Filter Model proposed by Kerchoff and Davis they say that relationships fetch through three gain vigors. It starts with the field of availables which are people available for a relationship where we then filter out different partners for different reasons, so it narrows down to a field of desirables who are the people we see as a potential partner. The first filter involves the social model where we choose people without being aware by where they live, work, have been educated or their social class.With individual characteristics not being important at this point. Then there is similarity of att itudes and values, where a partners beliefs and ideas come into effect. This is where communication is easier and the relationship can progress, however if beliefs and views are very different then the relationship may not persist from its current position. The final filter is the emotional needs, which is whether the people fit as a couple and can meet each others needs.Kerchoff and Davis used their model to do a study on students who had been together for more than or less than 18 months. They were asked to complete questionnaires over 7 months on attitudes and genius of their partners compared to theirs it was found that this was important in relationships up to around 18 months, whereas after this psychological compatibility and ability to meet each others needs becomes more important supporting the filter model.However questionnaires can have bias as participants may want to shows themselves in the best light thus skewing the results, too all the participants were students s o age difference in relationships was not accounted for. The filter model emphasizes the importance of demographic factors and attitudes as filters in the development of relationships. Sprecher found that couples matched in physical attractiveness, interests and social background were more likely to develop a relationship that is long-term.Found due to his longitudinal study of couples over 21 years and found similar education and age at the start of the relationship at the start were more likely to stay together. They also gained more similar attitudes as time went on. The filter theory is also very culturally biased as other cultures ways of choosing a mate may not have anything to do with the mentioned factors due to a collectivist nature of the culture or any other differences. There is also the problem that this model generalises to every couple where there will instead be many individual differences between choices of partners.

Religion and Animal Rights Essay Example for Free

Religion and Animal Rights EssaySpeciesism favoritism in favour of one species, usu tout ensembley the kind-hearted species, over a nonher, especi ally in the exploitation or mis doment of physicals by pieces. Sentient Able to feel pain conscious through the senses. Shallow ecology preserving the surround to the issue that it benefits hu valet de chambre macrocosms. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology human centred). Deep ecology Giving all living respect and value caring for all of nature, not sightly the aspects of nature which benefit human beings. Dominionism Judeo-Christian idea that human beings gestate a special place in the natural universe they be given the power to rule over it (as over clearrs) in behalf of its creator, theology. Stewardship Judeo-Christian idea that human beings confound a special responsibility for the natural cosmea (and indeed all other beas of responsibility such(prenominal) as other people, their money and possessi ons) acting as care puzzlers on immortals behalf. Autonomy cede exit, able to self-govern.Deontological Duty guide approach. Emphasis on the act itself in determining moral righteousness. Inaugurated eschatology The earth of divinity fudge was started/established in the agapeistic brio, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, and continues in the life of the church, but will be fulfilled after bodily death in heaven. Realised eschatology The kingdom of graven image is here and immediately on earth, through agape and the life of the church. Futuristic Eschatology The Kingdom of God will come in the incoming after bodily death, resurrection (bodily or spiritual) in heaven. Vivisection Experimenting on brutes.Instrumentalist approach A hardheaded (practical) approach that says an action should be taken in order to achieve an active solution to a problem. Mutate Change, transform (e.g. as part of the process of evolution). Immutability Unable to change (e.g. from sp ecies to species). Commodification To turn into and treat as a commodity an article suitable for trading/buying and selling.ScholarsAristotle Identified the hierarchy of being placing human beings above animals. Augustine Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being make in the image and likeness of God, propagation 126. doubting Thomas Influenced by Aritotle animalsby divine prudence are intended for mans physical exercise in the natural order.. Charles Darwin Theory of evolution derivation of Species, 1859. The process of natural selection, challenged the Bible, and in particular the Genesis creation story which claims that human beings are created in the image of God, Genesis 126. Albert Schweitzer A pioneer of animal rights with his reverence for life ethic.For Schweitzer all life is sacred, animate or non-sentient, animal or vegetable. A oceanic abyss ecologist. St Francis of Assisi Often referred to as, The Patron shrine of animals . God has created the world and so the created order reflects Gods strongness and purpose of design and order, animals are a particularly important aspect of that created order. asshole Singer If a being has interests then they are morally important and should overhear rights sentient, self-conscious beings contribute interests. What matters is not what species a being belongs to, but to what outcome a being is a person fulfils Personhood criteria. Jeremy Bentham Believed that unnecessary suffering was morally wrong, irrespective of the species.KEY TEACHINGS FROM CHRISTIANITY AND cognisance OF HOW RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND OTHER FAITH MEMBERS HAVE INTERPRETED THESE TEACHINGS AND APPLIED THEM TO LIFE IN clubhouse TODAY. Religious beliefs about the status of animals.SCHOLARS* Aristotle (4 BC a foundation and influence for later Christian thought) -every social function had a telos, an end purpose. The end purpose of nature (and animals) according to Aristotle, is human fulfilm ent Hierarchy of Being, Anthropocentric (human centred), Speciesist approach. * Augustine (4th to fifth century AD). Human beings are superior to animals as human beings are rational, being made in the image and likeness of God, Genesis 126. , To refrain from the killing of animals and the destroying of plants is the height of superstition. (Augustine). Hierarchy of Being. Speciesism. * Thomas Aquinas (13th century AD). Influenced by Aristotles ideas there is no sin in using a thing for the purpose, telos, which it is intended. There is no possibility of sinning against non-human animals or against the natural world which exist for the use and good of humanity. Hierarchy of Being. Anthropocentric. Speciesist.* St Francis of Assisi (12th to 13th century). Francis of Assisi thought that the natural world, and in particular animal life, was an expression of the creative will of God and was worthy of respect. Patron Saint of animals, emphasised the importance of sentient beings as par t of Gods creation. Humanity should behave as responsible stewards to care and look after all of Gods created creatures. Shallow ecology preserving the natural world, including animals to the extent that human beings benefit. (This is an anthropocentric view of ecology human centred) where human beings have a caretaker role over nature. * Albert Schwietzer (20th century). Albert Schweitzer was a Christian who pioneered animal rights with his reverence for life ethic. He was astonished at the indifference that human beings show to fellow creatures on the planet. Schweitzer was a deep ecologist who believed that all life was sacred sentient or non-sentient human, animal, plant.BIBLICAL TEACHINGS* Human Beings created perfect, imago dei (St. Augustine). Genesis 127. * Genesis 128 Dominionism (to rule over, use, control) Then God saidHave dominion over the fish of the sea and the birds of the beam and over every living creature that moves on the ground. This was the traditional po sition of the church towards animals as determine by Peter Singer. * Genesis 215 Stewardship (to look after and care for on Gods behalf) The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. More recently this is the role taken by the church, replacing dominionism with responsible stewardship.* Genesis 2 creation story has focus on creation of man and woman (Adam and Eve). Human beings have a soul (animals do not) The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and miteed (ruach) into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living being (Genesis 27) * Human beings, but not animals have free will, autonomous, with the opportunity of choosing a love relationship with God. Love God, love your neighbour. (Jesus, Mark 1230/31). With autonomy comes responsibility, stewardship (see church teachings below). * A righteous man cares for the needs of his animals, but the kindest acts of the wicked are cruel. Proverbs 1210. * The wolf will live with the lamb Isaiah. An O.T. eschatological vision of harmony between all sentient life. * Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God. Luke 126.CHURCH TEACHINGS romish Catholic Catechism (1994) God willed creation as a gift turn to to humankind. Animals, like plants and inanimate beings, are by nature destined for the common good of past, present and proximo humanity. Anthropocentric, arises out of the shallow ecology approach to the natural world that is the usual the way for Christianity to deal with this field of view of ethics/moral issues. Animals do not have rights but world do have duties towards animals. Roman Catholic Papal Encyclicals Centesimus Annus and Solicitudo Rei Socialis (Pope John Paul II) Human beings are stewards of Gods creation, not know of it. Animals are part of Gods creation and must not be abused. The Church contravenes rigor / exploitation of animals.The earth and all life on it is a gift from G od given to us to share and develop, not to dominate and exploit. Church of England documents Our Responsibility for the Living Environment (GS 718) and Animal Welfare (GS 341) Animals have been created by God and deserve respect. The value of animal life is secondary to human beings. Humans have a common heritage with, and have an obligation to animals. Humans are the most efficient predators and thus must exercise responsible stewardship. Medical / scientific testing within reasonable limits is approveable as it promotes the common good of humanity. Quaker Peace Testimony* show a loving consideration of all the creatures, maintain the beauty and variety of the world and show reverence for life.* Quakers have long supported vegetarianism.* Quakers oppose animal experimentation for weapons.* They also oppose the use of animals for the testing of cosmetics.* Most Quakers oppose the fur trade.* Quakers do support the use of animal testing for medical research.The extent to which animals are different from humans and their proportional value.Humans are animals.* Charles Darwin 1859 Origin of the Species * Evolution, Natural Selection, Survival of the Fittest. Humans have evolved to become the dominant/ peremptory species. * With all these exalted powers humanity still bears in its bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin. (Charles Darwin) * Darwin challenged the idea of a designer God, and the anthropocentric view of the world. Humanity in their arrogance think themselves a great work, worthy the (inter)position of a God. More humble, and I believe true, to consider them created from animals. (Charles Darwin). * Many religious believers accept evolutionary theory as a way of explaining the origins of life on this planet, but still see that Gods power was behind the very start-theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into populace ground on Thomas Aquinass cosmological argument). How dirty dog an anthropocentric ap proach be upheld if humans are descended from animals all are of equal worth and value deep ecology. Hierarchy of species.* listen above. God created animals for a purpose to be of value and support to human beings. Human news versus animal instinct. * Rationality, intelligence and autonomy set humans apart from animals. * Capacity for sophisticated methods of communication is a human skill. * creativeness (music, literature, art) and complex/sophisticated (developing/utilising science and technology) societies for a good and worthwhile quality of life rather than for raw(a) survival are hallmarks of human existence. * Most humans protect the weak and vulnerable arguably for unselfish motivations rather than for survival of the species. * Humans can choose to behave morally.* Humans are spiritual beings. However, just because the status of animals is lower than humans many argue for care and respect. * Stewardship. Deep ecology. Animal Rights. * The question is not can they re ason, can they talk, but can they suffer. Jeremy Bentham (19th century). * Peter Singer thinks that if a being has interests then these things should be satisfied, other things being equal. What matters is not what species a being belongs, but to what extent a being fulfils the criteria of personhood- rational, sentient (experience pleasure / pain), self-conscious, can establish relationships and can communicate. Religious views on animal rights and the means of protecting those rights. See scholars, biblical and church teachings above.* Rev Humphrey Primatt (19th century) argued all life was made by God and any sentient creature has the right not to have pain inflicted upon it including animal suffering. Pain is pain whether inflicted on man or beast (Primatt). The work of Humphrey Primatt led to the foundation of the RSPCA in 1824. * Organisations such as WWF and RSPCA campaign for animal rights so that they may live according to their own nature and not be harmed, exploited or ab used, maintaining a dignified existence. * Such pressure groups oppose factory farming (a method of raising animals intensively for maximum economic gain and to produce food at a lower cost for consumers, resulting in the commodification of animals), animal experimentation (vivisection) and using animals for entertainment, although opinions vary on all these issues. * Controversy exists about vivisection and the extent of justifiable protest on animals behalf SPEAK campaign sought to end the building of new animal labs for scientific experimentation on animals at Oxford University, often using intimidation and direct action which was judged by the natural law courts to be illegal.If possessing a higher intelligence does not entitle one human to use another for his own ends how can it entitle humans to exploit non-humans for the same purpose? Professor Peter Singer VERSUS You cant go to a doctor without having treatment that has been tested on animals you cant pick and choose. Prof essor Colin Blakemore, Oxford University. * International Animal Rights Day = December 10th annually. * British law protects animals form cruelty and neglect which are criminal offences. * Revd Professor Andrew Linzey Department of Theology at Oxford university = worlds first academic post in Ethics, Theology and Animal Welfare. Rejects an instrumentalist view of animals as speciesist privileging one species, human beings, giving them a unique moral status. For Linzey, animals are part of Gods creation, and have God-given rights, or theos-rights, and thus have moral status.Religious responses to the preservation of species from extinction. * Genesis 112 Species were created immutable (fixed and unchanging). Dominionism means human beings have used species and their environment for the good of humanity which has inevitably led to extinction of some. However, stewardship imposes a duty of care implying preservation and conservation of Gods sacred, creation for future generations uph olding biodiversity. * Evolution teaches that species naturally change, mutate, and die out as part of the process of survival of the fittest and natural selection. both(prenominal) religious people accept evolutionary theory theistic evolution (God the Uncaused Cause brought everything else into existence based on Thomas Aquinass cosmological argument). * Breeding programmes in zoos have helped to hold back species from extinction. * Ohito Declaration 1995 sustaining environmental life is a religious responsibility.